Disable qos packages. LAN Bandwidth - Configuring the QoS Packet Scheduler in the Router TP-Link, Asus, Zyxel Keenetic, D-Link. How to prioritize traffic

No one likes it when they take a long time to open a web page when loading, and the download of files does not occur at the level at which they would like. Although, when ordering a service from a provider, it clearly indicated 20 or even 100 Mb / s, but in reality we do not get such a speed.

Of course, there is an explanation for this. Firstly, the system takes about 20% for its needs, and secondly, the browser receives a response from the DNS servers, although this takes time.

Whatever it is, we will now figure out how to increase the speed of the Internet several times.

Disable QoS rate limiting

Usually the system has a speed limit of 20%, although it can be different for everyone. To increase the speed of the Internet, you must disable this setting. To do this, we will use local group policies. Unfortunately, this feature is only available on Pro editions of Windows.

Open the "Run" window using the combination Win+R and in the window that appears, write the following command: gpedit.msc .

On the left side of the window that opens, go to the section: Computer configuration – Administrative Templates- Network - QoS Packet Scheduler – Limit reserved bandwidth.

We find the item "Limit reserve bandwidth" there. Click on it twice and set the parameter to "Included" and then enter a number “0” in "Bandwidth Limit". Click Apply.

To make sure that the network device works with the QoS packet scheduler, you need to go to the Network and Control Center and public access. You can get there by clicking on the Wi-Fi icon on the taskbar, or a wired connection right click mice. On the left, go to the "Change adapter settings" section. Right-click on your connection and select "Properties". There should be an option QoS Packet Scheduler, marked with a checkmark.

Disabling QoS through the registry

If you have a version of Windows other than PRO, this instruction may suit you. Go to the registry, for this we use the Win + R combination and enter the command regedit.

Let's go to the next section:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft

Here we find the section Windows, right click on it and create new section With name psched.

We go to the created section and on the right we create a 32-bit DWORD parameter with the name NonBestEffortLimit. We assign the value to this parameter «0» .

After the work done, restart the computer.

Disable internet speed limit in software

It happens that when using programs that require the Internet, for example, torrent clients, there are speed limiting functions that you may have active.

Take a torrent client for example. If you right-click on the active download, then there is an item "reception restriction". We point the mouse at it and look. The mode must be active. "Unlimited".

Same with other torrent clients. In other types of programs, you will have to dig and find something similar.

How to increase DNS cache to increase speed?

As many of you know, the DNS cache allows you to store the IP addresses of resources that you have already visited, and revisiting uses the DNS cache, which will allow you to open pages much faster. Unfortunately, its volume is not infinite, but it can be increased.

Go! Press Win + R and enter the command to enter the registry - regedit. A window opens where we must go to this section on the left:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\DNScache\Parameters

On the right side, you need to right click on an empty space and create 4 "DWORD" parameters and give them names like this − CacheHashTableBucketSize, CacheHashTableSize, MaxCacheEntryTtlLimit, MaxSOACacheEntryTtlLimit.

Each of them should have these values ​​​​(in order to each) - 1, 384, 64000 and 301.

Restart your computer to complete your work successfully.

TCP autotuning - disable

There is a feature in the system that can cause web pages to load slowly, and this is because its performance with some servers is not very good. So we'll just turn it off.

To complete this task, we need to open command line with elevated privileges and run the following command there:

Turbo mode of browsers to speed up site loading

Many browsers have a "Turbo Mode" feature that speeds up the opening of pages. So far, it is available on the following popular browsers: Opera and Yandex browser. For others, you can download special extensions.

In Opera, this feature is enabled by clicking on the "Opera" button in the upper left corner. Finding a function Opera Turbo and activate it.

In Yandex browser, this function is enabled in the settings - Show advanced settings. Next to the "Turbo" section, put "Always on".

NameBench utility to increase page loading

Many providers, especially commercial ones, always want to save on equipment. And when you start visiting websites, DNS servers (providers' equipment) are accessed. If it is cheap, then your page loading speed will be very slow. To fix this problem, we need fast DNS servers, and the NameBench program will help us find them. Start Benchmark. The program will start testing a large number of DNS servers and select the fastest one.

When NameBench finds the desired server, it will show its IP address, which must be specified in your connection settings.

Updating the firmware of the router

This is the last point, but no less important. If you are using a router whose firmware is very outdated, then do not expect a miracle from it. Look on the Internet for the firmware on your router and find instructions for installing it, as well as saving the old one in order to avoid problems.

That's actually all the methods that can be used on modern Windows versions. Although, maybe there is something else, and if it does, we will not bypass it.

The myth of QoS

There is not a single person who has not read some FAQ on Windows XP at least once. And if so, then everyone knows that there is such a harmful Quality of Service - QoS for short. It is highly recommended to turn it off when configuring the system, because it limits network bandwidth by 20% by default, and it seems that this problem also exists in Windows 2000.

Here are the lines:
"Q: How to completely disable the QoS (Quality of Service) service? How to configure it? Is it true that it limits the network speed?
A: Indeed, by default, Quality of Service reserves 20% of the channel bandwidth for its needs (any - at least a 14400 modem, at least gigabit Ethernet). Moreover, even if you remove the QoS Packet Scheduler service from the Properties connection, this channel is not released. You can release the channel or simply configure QoS here. Launch the Group Policy applet (gpedit.msc). In Group Policy we find Local computer policy and click on Administrative templates. Select the item Network - QoS Packet Sheduler. Enable Limit reservable bandwidth. Now reduce Bandwidth limit 20% to 0% or just turn it off. If desired, you can also configure other QoS parameters here. The only thing left to do is to reboot the changes."
20% is, of course, a lot. Truly Microsoft is Mazda. Statements of this kind wander from FAQ to FAQ, from forum to forum, from media to media, are used in all sorts of "tweaks" - programs for "configuring" Windows XP (by the way, open "Group Policies" and "Local Security Policies", and not a single "twikka" can be compared with them in terms of the richness of customization options). Unsubstantiated allegations of this kind need to be carefully, which we will do now, applying a systematic approach. That is, we will thoroughly study the problematic issue, relying on official primary sources.

What is a quality service network?
Let's take the following simplified definition network system. Applications run and run on hosts and communicate with each other. Applications send data operating system for network transmission. Once the data is transferred to the operating system, it becomes network traffic.
Network QoS relies on the ability of the network to process this traffic in a way that is guaranteed to fulfill the requests of some applications. This requires a fundamental mechanism for processing network traffic, capable of identifying traffic that has the right to special processing and the right to control these mechanisms.
QoS functionality is designed to satisfy two network actors: network applications and network administrators. They often disagree. The network administrator restricts the resources used by a specific application, while the application tries to capture as much as possible network resources. Their interests can be aligned, taking into account the fact that the network administrator has a dominant role in relation to all applications and users.

Basic QoS parameters
Different applications have different requirements for handling their network traffic. Applications are more or less tolerant of delays and traffic losses. These requirements have found application in the following QoS-related parameters:
Bandwidth (bandwidth) - the speed with which the traffic generated by the application must be transmitted over the network;
Latency - The delay an application can tolerate in delivering a data packet.
Jitter - change the delay time.
Loss - percentage of lost data.
If infinite network resources were available, then all application traffic could be transmitted at the required rate, with zero latency, zero delay variation, and zero loss. However, network resources are not unlimited.
The QoS mechanism controls the distribution of network resources for application traffic in order to fulfill its transmission requirements.

Fundamental QoS resources and traffic processing mechanisms
Networks that link hosts use a variety of network devices including host network adapters, routers, switches, and hubs. Each of them has network interfaces. Each network interface can receive and transmit traffic at a finite rate. If the rate at which traffic is forwarded to an interface is higher than the rate at which the interface forwards traffic, congestion occurs.
Network devices can handle the congestion condition by queuing traffic in the device's memory (buffer) until the congestion has passed. In other cases, network equipment may drop traffic to ease congestion. As a result, applications experience timeout changes (because traffic is kept in queues on interfaces) or traffic loss.
The ability of network interfaces to forward traffic and the availability of memory to store traffic in network devices (until the traffic can be forwarded) are the fundamental resources required to provide QoS for application traffic flows.

Allocation of QoS resources across network devices
Devices that support QoS intelligently use network resources to transmit traffic. That is, the traffic of applications that are more tolerant of delays is queued (stored in a buffer in memory), and the traffic of applications that are critical to delays is transmitted further.
To perform this task, a network device must identify traffic by classifying packets, and also have queues and mechanisms for servicing them.

Traffic processing mechanism
The traffic processing mechanism includes:
802.1p
Differentiated services per-hop-behaviors (diffserv PHB).
Integrated services (intserv).
ATM etc.
Most LANs are based on IEEE 802 technology including Ethernet, token-ring, etc. 802.1p is a traffic processing mechanism to support QoS in such networks.

802.1p defines a field (layer 2 in network model OSI) in the packet header 802, which can carry one of eight priority values. As a rule, hosts or routers, when sending traffic to the local network, mark each packet sent, assigning it a certain priority value. Network devices such as switches, bridges, and hubs are expected to process packets appropriately using queuing mechanisms. The scope of 802.1p is limited to a local area network (LAN). As soon as the packet crosses the LAN (via OSI layer 3), the 802.1p priority is removed.
Diffserv is a layer 3 mechanism. It defines a field in the layer 3 header of IP packets called diffserv codepoint (DSCP).
Intserv is a set of services that defines a guaranteed service and a service that controls the load. A guaranteed service promises to carry some amount of traffic with measurable and limited latency. The service that manages the load agrees to carry a certain amount of traffic with the "appearance of light network traffic". These are measurable services in the sense that they are defined to provide measurable QoS to a certain amount of traffic.

Because ATM fragments packets into relatively small cells, it can offer very low latency. If a packet needs to be sent urgently, the ATM interface can always be free to send for the time it takes to send one cell.
QoS has many other complex mechanisms that make this technology work. We note only one important point: In order for QoS to work, it needs to be supported and configured throughout the transmission from start to finish.

For clarity, consider Fig. one.
We accept the following:
All routers participate in the transmission of the required protocols.
One QoS session requiring 64 Kbps is initiated between host A and host B.
Another session requiring 64 Kbps is initiated between host A and host D.
To simplify the scheme, we assume that the routers are configured in such a way that they can reserve all network resources.
In our case, one 64 Kbps reservation request would reach three routers in the data path between host A and host B. Another 64 Kbps request would reach three routers between host A and host D. The routers would honor these resource reservation requests because they do not exceed the maximum. If, instead, each of hosts B and C simultaneously initiated a 64 Kbps QoS session with host A, then the router serving these hosts (B and C) would deny one of the connections.

Now suppose that the network administrator disables QoS processing on the bottom three routers serving hosts B, C, D, E. In this case, requests for resources up to 128 Kbps would be satisfied regardless of the location of the host participating in the connection. However, quality assurance would be low because traffic to one host would compromise traffic to another. QoS could be maintained if the upstream router limited all requests to 64 Kbps, but this would result in inefficient use of network resources.
On the other hand, the bandwidth of all network links could be increased to 128 Kbps. But the increased bandwidth will only be used when hosts B and C (or D and E) request resources at the same time. If this is not the case, then network resources will again be used inefficiently.

Microsoft QoS components
Windows 98 contains only user-level QoS components including:
Application components.
GQoS API (part of Winsock 2).
QoS service provider.
operating room Windows system 2000/XP/2003 contains all of the above plus the following components:
Resource Reservation Protocol Service Provider (Rsvpsp.dll) and RSVP Services (Rsvp.exe) and QoS ACS. Not used in Windows XP, 2003.
Traffic management (Traffic.dll).
Generic Packet Classifier (Msgpc.sys) The packet classifier defines the class of service to which the packet belongs. This will place the packet in the appropriate queue. Queues are managed by the QoS Packet Scheduler.
QoS Packet Scheduler (Psched.sys). Specifies the QoS parameters for a specific data stream. Traffic is marked with a specific priority value. The QoS packet scheduler determines the queuing schedule for each packet and handles contention requests between queued packets that need concurrent access to the network.

The diagram in Figure 2 illustrates the protocol stack, Windows components and their interaction on the host. Items used in Windows 2000 but not used in Windows XP/2003 are not shown in the diagram.
Applications are at the top of the stack. They may or may not be aware of QoS. To take advantage of the full power of QoS, Microsoft recommends using Generic QoS API calls in applications. This is especially important for applications requiring high quality service guarantees. Some utilities can be used to invoke QoS on behalf of applications that are not aware of QoS. They work through the traffic management API. For example, NetMeeting uses the GQoS API. But for such applications, the quality is not guaranteed.

Last nail
The above theoretical points do not give an unambiguous answer to the question of where the notorious 20% go (which, I note, no one has yet accurately measured). Based on the above, this should not be the case. But opponents put forward a new argument: the QoS system is good, but the implementation is crooked. So, 20% still "fat". Looks like the software giant has also been baked into the problem, since it has already refuted such fabrications for quite a long time.
However, let's give the floor to the developers and present selected points from the article "316666 - Windows XP Quality of Service (QoS) Enhancements and Behavior" in literary Russian:
"One hundred percent of network bandwidth is available for distribution to all programs, unless a program explicitly requests priority bandwidth. This "reserved" bandwidth is available to other programs if the program that requested it is not sending data.

By default, programs can reserve up to 20% of the basic connection speed on each computer interface. If the program that reserved the bandwidth does not send enough data to use it completely, the unused portion of the reserved bandwidth is available to other data streams.
There have been claims in various technical articles and newsgroups that Windows XP always reserves 20% of the available bandwidth for QoS. These statements are incorrect."
If now someone is still "guzzling" 20% of the bandwidth, well, I can advise you to continue to use more various tweaks and crooked network drivers. And not so much will be "fat".
Everyone, QoS myth, die!

Yuri Trofimov,

The bandwidth of the local network is a topic that is becoming more and more relevant with the spread of high-speed Internet. Each time we try to connect more and more devices to the router, and the default software cannot always cope with them all. In this case, setting the QoS priorities of the LAN bandwidth packets on the router comes to the rescue. It assigns priority to the execution of certain most important tasks. this moment tasks and is available not only on top-end Mikrotik or Cisco routers, but also on any inexpensive model of TP-Link, Asus, Zyxel Keenetic, D-Link.

QoS - What's in a Router?

Most modern routers have a built-in ability to control the flow of Internet traffic within the local network, assigning priority to the operation of a particular application. Well, for example, you play an online game or browse the pages of your favorite sites. And at the same time you download an interesting movie via torrent. At the same time, the game starts to slow down and the file shakes barely. What to do?

You need to choose which action is more important for you at the moment. It's probably just an online game. Therefore, by setting the QoS packet scheduler, we can prioritize the execution of game tasks before downloading files.

But the bandwidth of the local network and the Internet channel is limited. The first is the capabilities of the router. Remember we talked about ?.

The second is your tariff plan from the provider. So how does this split the priority on the execution of these simultaneous tasks?

As a rule, by default, the highest priority is given to surfing the web, that is, the operation of your browser. But if at the moment you have opened and read the article and at the same time you want to download the movie as soon as possible, then it would be more logical to give priority to the file loader program, and not to the browser.

That is why routers provide the ability to manually adjust the network bandwidth. Namely, to distribute the priority as you need it. This feature is called QoS (Quality of Service). That is, the technology of giving different classes of traffic priorities in service.

Traffic manager on Asus router

AT different models this setting may be hidden under various names in the menu item. I currently have an Asus router in new firmware- showing on RT-N10U version B1. And here the QoS scheduler is configured in the "Traffic Manager" section.

First you need to change the default activated automatic mode to one of the two. "User Defined QoS Rules" or "User Defined Priority"

User-defined packet scheduler QoS rules

This setting allows you to set priority for programs already preinstalled in the router software from different “weight categories”. At the same time, you do not need to bother with various formulas and calculate the network bandwidth. Everything has already been thought of before us. Without a screenshot, it's a little unclear, so I'll quote it:

So, now on “Web Serf”, that is, connections through a browser through port 80 used for this, there is a “Highest” priority. By clicking on the drop-down list, we can choose another one from the proposed list. At the same time, on "File Transfer", that is, for file downloader programs - the smallest. Swapping these parameters in places, we get the effect that when downloading a file from a site and viewing an html page at the same time, the first process will be given more speed.

But that is not all. Programs for transferring files via P2P (for example, BitTorrent), or online games, as well as many other applications, you can set their own priority values. This is done by adding a new rule to the existing ones.

To create it, click on the “Select” item and from the drop-down list select the type of data transfer that interests us or the preset settings for a particular application. For example, you can set network bandwidth priority for email applications such as Outlook or TheBat (SMTP, POP3…) or for ftp clients (FTP, SFTP, WLM…). There is also a large list of popular games such as Counter Strike and file sharing programs such as BitTorrent, eDonkey, etc.

Let's choose a torrent downloader. The default ports used by this program will be automatically set.
But it’s better not to believe the word of the router and double-check them yourself. Open the program (I have uTorrent) and go to Settings > Program Settings > Connections. Let's see which port is set for this program to work.

If it differs from those that were set by default in the router settings, then change it. Either there or here, as long as they are the same. We save the settings in the program and, returning to the admin panel of the router, apply the parameters. They are activated after the device is rebooted.

User-definable QoS packet priority

This is the second setting. manual control network bandwidth, which allows you to configure the parameters specified in the previous section. Namely, to determine which speed in percentage terms will be assigned for each of the priority parameters.

For example, for outgoing traffic to “Highest”, I currently have 80% as the minimum value and 100% as the maximum by default. This means that those with the highest priority will receive at least 80% of the bandwidth of the channel. No matter how many simultaneous processes make outgoing connections to the Internet. Those who have a priority of "High" - at least 10%. And so on - I think you get the point. By editing these values, you can fine-tune the download and upload speed for different categories of running programs.

Now I propose to watch a detailed video tutorial on setting up QoS on Cisco routers

Configuring the QoS Packet Scheduler on a TP-Link Router

Below, for your convenience, I will give several screenshots of the administrator sections for bandwidth management from models from other companies. On TP-Link routers, the QoS packet scheduler is located in the "Bandwidth Control" menu section. To activate it, check the box "Enable bandwidth control" and set top speed for incoming and outgoing traffic.

By clicking on the "Add" button, you can add a new priority rule for one or more computers. To do this, you need to enter their IP address or range of addresses. And also specify the ports and type of packet exchange to which this rule will apply.

Recently, TP-Link has a new visualization of the admin panel, which is installed on all new models. In it, the QoS scheduler is located in " Additional settings” in the “Data prioritization” section. Turn it on with a tick and adjust the sliders to three types of priorities:

• Tall
• Average
• Short

To add a filter, click on the "Add" button in one of the three windows of preset settings

A list of clients connected to the router will open - select the one you need and click on the "Select" link and then "OK"

IntelliQoS network throughput on Zyxel Keenetic

On the Keenetic routers the network bandwidth management feature is called IntelliQoS. Initially this module not present in the firmware. You need additional IntelliQoS from the corresponding section of the admin panel. After that, a separate item of the same name will appear in the "My networks and WiFi" menu.

To activate the traffic control mode, enable this service and specify the maximum Internet speed provided by the provider's tariff plan. To determine it more accurately, you can run an online speed test and start from this real value.

Configuring network bandwidth on a D-Link router

For D-Link router In the DIR-620 model, for some reason, the developers implemented the ability to set QOS speed limits only on computers connected via cable to one of the LAN ports. This setting is located in the "Advanced - Bandwidth Management" section.

Selecting one of them, turn on the limit and set the speed

That's all for now - try and experiment with the bandwidth of the local network so that the router does not slow down the work of those programs from which you expect the maximum return at the moment.

Video on setting up QoS on the router

Thank you! Did not help

Answers:

Ryzhanov Denis Ivanovich:
Press WinKey + R, write "gpedit.msc" there, press "Enter", then go to the "Policy" tab local computer"", "Administrative Templates", "Network", "QoS Packet Manager", select the "Limit Reserved Bandwidth" tab there, double-click on it, in the window that appears, select the "Enable" tab, and just below set "0% ". Restart the machine for the changes to take effect.

Alexey:
Don't use her! You simply do not have such applications that use this service. It is used by some Internet phones, and in general it does not interfere with the Internet in any way. This service enables applications that require latency to run. By the way, there is still one program - some kind of rocking chair from Microsoft, which uses this service specifically. But, believe me, this service does not take anything from the channel - only during transmission over this service can it take some of the traffic for itself (the limit is set, usually 20%).

Shurovik:
Set its value to 0%.

Vladimir Nozdrin:
Read the article: "The Myth of QoS".

Maxim:
At first they were afraid that QoS reserves 20% of the channel. Calm down, it's not like that. So no need to turn it off.

TU-154:
Logged in as Administrator, in the Group Policy Editor (Start - Run - gpedit.msc), Local Computer Policy - Administrative Templates - Network - QoS Package Manager - Limit reserved bandwidth, enable this option and set the limit to 0. that this service does not affect the speed in any way. Maybe this is so, but in my case, disabling it leads to an increase in the download speed from 2.5 to 2.9 KB / s (according to ReGet, that is, just about 20%), and when working on a local network - to increase the degree of channel utilization from 80 to 95%.

hotfrost:
If you remove the QoS Packet Scheduler service from the connection's Properties, this channel is not released. You can release the channel, or simply configure QoS, here: Run the Group Policy applet (gpedit.msc). In Group Policy we find Localcomputer policy and click on Administrative templates. Select Network -- QoS Packet Sheduler. Enable Limit reservable bandwidth. Now reduce the Bandwidth limit 20% to 0, or just turn it off. If desired, you can also configure other QoS parameters here. To activate the changes made, it remains only to reboot.

Basil:
Leave the QoS service alone. The myth of a 20% traffic limit has long been debunked. The authors of the tweakers even excluded this item from their programs.

RiLL-SV:
Nothing like this! Check ping in online games with untouched QoS and its value at 0! That's when you will understand what is the difference between untouched QoS and QoS, which is set to 0!

12/01/2016 | Vladimir Khazov

Not all internet traffic is equally important. An online video without picture fading or a Skype call without voice stuttering is more important than downloading a large file using a torrent client. The Quality of Service (QoS) feature of a router, shaper, or deep traffic intelligence (DPI) system allows you to prioritize which traffic is more important and give it the most bandwidth.

And if at home each user can configure QoS on his router, then the telecom operator, using modern network equipment, manages the bandwidth for all its subscribers and ensures consistently high quality for each of them.

What is Quality of Service (QoS)

The QoS feature is a great but rarely used tool to prioritize various kinds traffic, and with the help of DPI systems even for certain applications, dividing the bandwidth between them in different proportions. Correct setting QoS rules will ensure smooth online video playback while downloading big file, or fast web browsing while kids play online games.

An Internet connection can be compared to a hospital where the bandwidth is the number of doctors to treat patients, the patients are the applications, and the nurse is the router that distributes them.

In a conventional network, an indifferent nurse distributes patients evenly among free doctors, regardless of the complexity of the disease, whether it be a person with a bruised hand or a car accident victim with a concussion and bone fractures. Each of them will receive help, but they will have to wait the same amount of time until an available doctor appears. If all patients are treated with the same priority, then sooner or later this will lead to disastrous consequences for the hospital and the victims.

The same thing happens in the home network or the provider's network. The bandwidth of the communication channel is allocated evenly within the framework of the tariff plan, without taking into account the importance of each application. For example, if you are on Skype while your kids are watching a Netflix movie, the quality of the call will drop dramatically. The ISP, in turn, is limited by the speed of the channel to the upstream telecom operator, and its bandwidth may not be enough to ensure the quality of the connection if all users simultaneously start downloading files through the torrent client at maximum speed.

The router divides the bandwidth equally among all, without prioritizing any type of traffic.

Returning to our hospital comparison, the quality of care is a competent nurse who allocates patients to doctors in the most efficient way: accident victims will be treated by several specialists, and a person with a bruise will wait for one doctor when he is free.

In a network with a quality of service function, the application or service that you define yourself (online video, IPTV, online games, etc.) will have priority, it will receive faster speed and minimal delays.

How to enable QoS

There are hundreds of different routers - home and office, as well as complex carrier-grade devices. Not each of them has a QoS function, and if it does, then its implementation may differ in the range of possible settings. Some can only prioritize between devices, some can highlight certain types of traffic (for example, video or voice communication), DPI systems are able to recognize applications that do not use pre-known headers and data structures for data exchange, make changes to the priority field of packets passing through it for further application of QoS rules.

It is not possible to cover the nuances of setting up each device, but it is possible to describe the basic steps to start using the QoS feature to provide best quality Internet work.

First step: define a goal

Before you begin configuring any device, you need to clearly define the goals for configuring QoS. If you decide to set up a home router, then this may be the priority of a working computer over other devices with Internet access to ensure comfortable work, or the priority of online games over video streaming to ensure minimal delays and lags during the game.

In a home network, the rules should be selective and extremely simple. If you apply dozens of different priorities, you can get a negative result when none of the applications will work properly.

The telecom operator uses QoS to achieve more global goals:

• traffic differentiation;
• ensuring a uniform flow of traffic;
• guarantee of quality and speed of Internet access for each subscriber;
• network congestion prevention;
• reduction of costs for Uplink.

But the principles of their achievement are similar to home network: Define priority types of traffic and applications, configure rules depending on the priority and time of action.

Second step: determine the speed of the Internet

For a telecom operator, Internet speed is the speed of access to a higher provider (Uplink) or to several providers. This value is fixed and distributed among all subscribers according to their tariff plans. The task of its optimization and proper distribution should be solved by QoS rules to ensure customer satisfaction from the received service.

Speed home internet often does not match the one declared by the provider for some reason, so determining its real figure is an important task before setting up QoS. There are concepts of outgoing and incoming speeds that you need to define yourself.

To get a real picture, you need to close all applications on the computer that create a load on the network, connect it to the router with a copper cable. Wi-Fi wireless technology, especially if it is not running on the modern Wireless N or Wireless AC protocols, can be a bandwidth bottleneck. Measurements may show a speed of 40 Mb / s instead of the available 75 Mb / s precisely because of the limitations of the wireless data transfer rate.

Go to www.speedtest.net and click the Start Test button. The result obtained must be converted from "Mbps" to "Kbps", since QoS settings are most often set in these units. This can be done by multiplying the obtained values ​​​​by 1000.

In this example, we received an incoming speed of 42,900 Kbps, and an outgoing speed of 3980 Kbps. It is these values ​​that can be distributed among users and applications on the network.

Third step: enable QoS on the router

It is impossible to describe how to enable QoS on all routers, since each manufacturer provides the user with its own management interface, and carrier-class network devices, such as Cisco, Juniper, Huawei, are configured from the command line.

In most cases, you will need to go to the device management page (type its address in the browser, most often it is 192.168.1.1), enter the administrator login and password, which are indicated in the user manual, and go to the NAT section of the network settings, the QoS tab. Select Enable next to the Start QoS function, the port for applying the rules is WAN (connection port with the provider), the settings for incoming and outgoing speeds (downlink and uplink) should be specified in the amount of 85-90% of the measured in the second step.

The reduced value of the speeds is specified in order to give the QoS handler room to maneuver, the only way it works effectively. The QoS feature is now enabled and you need to configure the prioritization rules.

How to prioritize traffic

After the QoS function is enabled, it is necessary to define the rules by which it will work with traffic.

Carriers set up rules based on data from DPI system analytics tools that show bandwidth bottlenecks and time-of-day trends. Some home devices have presets that the user must use to prioritize.

If the router allows manual settings priorities, you need to set their "forks" as a percentage of the total bandwidth:

• Maximum: 60% - 100%
• Premium: 25% - 100%
• Express: 10-100%
• Standard: 5-100%
• Bulk: 1-100%

These settings define the bandwidth value for a particular device or application. For example, by setting an application to Maximum, you assign it to use 60% of the bandwidth during network load and 100% when the network is fully available. If set to "Backbone", then when the network is free, the application can use any bandwidth rate, but if there is a load, it will receive only 1%.

We would like to remind you that prioritization should be approached with a clear understanding of what you want to limit.

Prioritization Options

1. Service or application priority

Allows any device on the network to prioritize bandwidth specific application or service before the rest. For example, if you want the Skype application to always have dedicated bandwidth, and video audio communications should not have delays, distortion or artifacts.

2. Interface priority

The interface in this case is the method by which your devices connect to the network. You can set a higher priority for wired or wireless devices, or lower the priority for guest devices.

3. Device Priority by IP Address

You can assign a higher priority to a certain device on your network by its IP address (static or reserved dynamic), thereby providing it with a higher access speed compared to others.

4. Device Priority by MAC Address

If you are using dynamic addressing, you can still assign high priority to one of the devices on the network by its MAC address, which is unique and can be obtained either from software, or from the label on the case.

Test and evaluation

The most important rules in setting up QoS is to add rules sequentially and take your time. You need to start with the most global ones, and then configure individual applications and services. If you have achieved the desired result and QoS meets all your requirements, you need to save the configuration as screenshots or a file backup in case you need to reset the router and restore the settings.

You can make sure that the rules work correctly by running services with high and low priority and comparing their speeds, or run speedtest on network devices with different priorities and see which of them will show a higher result.

Setting up QoS is a more complex process than basic setup router, and for the telecom operator also additional capital costs for the purchase of the DPI platform, however, the result will allow to achieve better access to the Internet, as well as save money on the purchase of a high-speed communication channel.