My computer: purpose and order of use. Windows main menu. Setting up a computer: the order of work. How does the Main menu work in Windows XP? Types of menus in Windows?
Dialog boxes
Program windows
Working with windows
A window is an area of the screen enclosed by a rectangular frame. It displays the contents of a folder, a running program or document.
There are three options for displaying a window on the screen:
· A standard size window occupies a part of the screen area. If you want, you can move it or any of its border to another place on the screen
The window maximized to full screen has the maximum size
· A minimized window is displayed as a button on the taskbar.
In a minimized window, the program continues to run. To open a minimized window or minimize an already open one, click the window button on the taskbar.
Windows can be classified by type:
Program window (folder window)
Document window
Dialog box
Help window
Program windows are windows in which programs are displayed.
Operations on windows:
Open and close the program window
Move
Resize windows
Search window
Arrange windows on screen
Elements of the program window:
Title bar (on the left - system menu, on the right - buttons for switching display modes on the screen)
Menu bar
Toolbar
· Workspace
Scroll bars
· status bar
Dialog boxes in Windows are used to set options and settings for the OS, hardware, and programs.
The main elements of the dialog box:
Tab
Switch
· Text field
List Expansion Button
Indicator
Slider
There are four types of menus used in Windows OS (a menu is a list of commands displayed on the screen and offered to the user for selection):
Main menu (opened by the Start button)
Menu bar in application windows (all programs included in the standard Windows package have a menu bar)
System menu in application windows (to resize the window and its position)
· Context menu
Application Conductor is the main Windows tool for viewing files and folders stored on hard and floppy disks and other storage media.
Explorer displays the hierarchical structure of files, folders and drives on a PC. On the left side of Explorer, Windows uses a hierarchical view of folders, files, and other resources that are connected to your computer or network.
Manipulating files and folders:
Creation of a new file and folder
Assigning a name
Renaming
Moving and copying
Removal
· Recovery
View and change properties of files and folders
Create a shortcut on the desktop (right-click, from Explorer, from the main menu, from the folder my computer)
The main menu of the operating system contains shortcuts to programs installed on the computer and basic commands for setting up the operating system.
Pressing the Win key opens the main OS menu, pressing it again closes and returns the cursor focus to the previous place where the Win key was pressed.
If you use the Escape key to close the "OS" main menu, the cursor focus goes to the "start" button, which also gives access to the main menu.
On some keyboards, the Win key is missing and to go to the main menu, press the Ctrl + Escape combination.
After pressing the Win key, the focus of the cursor is in the search window, where entering the first letters gives quick access to any application or computer setting.
For example, when you enter the first letters of "mail", we are offered windows live mail, and when you enter "con", we are presented with a list where you can select "change account control parameters" with the vertical arrows.
Through the "search box" you can find a document by keyword, as well as an e-mail, of course, if the mail is not stored on the server.
The main menu of the system consists of two columns. Move within a column with vertical arrows, and move to an adjacent column with horizontal arrows.
The first column above the "search box" contains a list of frequently used programs. Selecting the required application with vertical arrows and pressing Enter, we will launch it for execution. If, having selected the program, we press the arrow-right, then we will find ourselves in the list of 20 documents with which we have worked recently.
Depending on the user's preferences, the list of programs is constantly changing. Rarely used programs are giving way to others. And, if it becomes necessary to fix the program in this list or delete it, then we perform the following actions:
- Choose a program from the list;
- Call the context menu;
- We find the command "fix in the start menu" or "remove from this list", depending on the goal, and execute it by pressing the Enter key.
Similar operations can be done with documents in the submenu of frequently used programs.
Above the "search box" is the "all programs" submenu. The term submenu means that in this item, to save space, additional items are collected, united by the similarity of purpose. The Enter or Right Arrow key expands a submenu, and the Left Arrow key closes.
Since the menu is circular, pressing the up arrow from the "search window" takes us to the item "all programs in the submenu", which speeds up access to the shortcuts of programs installed on the computer.
The submenu "all programs" has a tree-like structure: move along the main level by vertical arrows, move to the second and third levels - by arrow-to the right.
If you continue to move down the second level with the down arrow, the cursor will move to the main level below the positioned program.
To launch the application from the list, select the shortcut with the name of the program and press Enter.
Through the context menu, a shortcut to any program can be pinned to the "taskbar", which allows us to launch applications using hotkeys automatically assigned by the system. We have already performed a similar operation directly on the "taskbar" (see the section "desktop").
The process of pinning programs to the taskbar is as follows:
- We go to the main menu of the operating system by pressing the Win key;
- Select the program shortcut, for example, ms word. To do this, follow the path - "all submenu programs", "Microsoft office closed", "Microsoft word";
- We call the context menu, in which we find the command "pin to the taskbar" and execute it by pressing the Enter key.
To exit the list to the main level, use the Backspace key and then the left arrow.
Pressing the left arrow in the middle of the second level list will move the cursor focus to the second column of the main menu.
Pressing the Escape key at any menu level moves the cursor to the "search box". Pressing it again closes the menu and places the cursor on the start button.
Acceleration keys are used to quickly navigate the main menu. They move the cursor to a menu item much faster than the arrow keys.
For example, to quickly go to the "scripts" item in the "abbyy fine reader" menu, you need:
- Press the Win key to enter the main menu;
- Up arrow go to the "all programs submenu" item and open it by pressing the right arrow;
- Up arrow go up to the main level;
- By pressing the "a" shortcut key, find the "abbyy fine reader" menu and open it by pressing the right arrow;
- In the Russian layout, press the "c" shortcut key to go to the "scripts" item;
- Use the Right Arrow to expand the "scripts" item and execute the selected command, for example, "scan to Microsoft word" by pressing the Enter key. Performing the above operations with the arrow keys alone is a waste of time.
To define the accelerator key, while at the menu item, press the number "5" on the additional numeric keypad.
For the correct operation of the shortcut keys, the input language must be correctly selected: if the access key is designated by a Russian letter, then it will work only in the Russian layout, if it is English, then in English.
The second column, which we navigate to with the horizontal arrows, contains useful folders and Windows control modules.
By default, there is no computer icon on the desktop. In order for it to appear there, we will do the following:
- Select the "computer" icon in the main menu;
- In the context menu, select the command "display on desktop" and execute it by pressing the Enter key.
After the item "computer" are located:
- The "Control Panel" gives access to the main "command center" of Windows, containing all its settings;
- "Devices and Printers", allows you to see all the devices connected to your computer, use one of them, or troubleshoot a device that is not working properly;
- "Programs by default" is a new item that allows you to associate a certain type of document with a specific program;
- Help and Support provides access to a comprehensive, online Windows tutorial. By the way, the internal help resources of the operating system itself can be accessed by pressing the function key F1 (help);
- "Shutdown split button". The cursor moves to this point when the horizontal arrows are pressed from the "search box".
"Split Button" is a new concept in the Windows operating system. Pressing the Enter key on it executes the declared command, and pressing the right arrow opens an additional list of commands.
In our case, Enter turns off the computer, and pressing the right arrow opens a menu with additional options for shutting down:
- "Change user". This item is necessary only if several "personal configurations" have been created on the computer, you can switch between them without restarting the computer;
- Logout is a soft restart in which the computer restarts the graphical shell and additional utilities;
- "Block". When Windows is locked, it hides its screen and everything that is on it behind the "splash screen", and you can return to working mode only by typing your account password;
- "Reboot". You have to reboot Windows after installing some programs ... And also in the event that the system starts to "be capricious";
- "Dream". This mode allows you to save all open windows and running programs in memory when you turn off the computer. Remains a minimum power supply for the processor and RAM;
- "Hibernation" (hibernation). When this mode is activated, the contents of the RAM are written to the hard disk, and the computer is turned off. When turned on, the contents of the memory are restored, and the user can continue to work from the same place at which he left off (running applications remain, not saved documents).
Main menu setting
To configure the main menu, you need to call the context menu on the "start" button and go to "properties".
In the Properties dialog box of the taskbar and the Start menu, use the Tab key to find the Power Shut Down button action combo box, where the vertical arrows select the desired value.
For example, if "lock" is selected, pressing the power button will lock the computer, and you must enter a password to unlock it.
Next, press the Tab key to find "Store and display a list of recently opened programs in the Start menu" and uncheck the box with a spacebar. After that, in the main menu in the first column there will be a "search window", "all programs of the submenu" and only those programs that we have specially fixed in this list.
Pressing the "customize" button gives the user the ability to display certain items in the main menu and a way of displaying them in the form of links or submenus.
Moving along these elements with vertical arrows, select the desired value with the Space key:
- For example: "Highlight recently installed programs-OFF". This item highlights the recently installed programs in a different color and is not of great value to us, so we uncheck the box by pressing the Space key.
- Control Panel
Do not display this item - OFF
Display as Menu-ON
Display as link-OFF
By default, the "control panel" is displayed as a link, which is not very convenient for quick searches. Therefore, we mark the item "display as menu". And we get a "control panel" in the form of folders with multi-page dialogs. - "Display 10 recently used programs"
"Display 10 Recently Used Items in the Jump List"
We can view these two points by pressing the Tab key, and using the vertical arrows select the desired value in the counter field. - "Default parameters"
Returns all settings to their original values.
Note that the presence of a "search box" in the main menu makes all these settings not so essential, since searching by entering the first letters of the setting name is very convenient.
And programs? When you visit a restaurant, you will be offered the current menu, from which you can choose the required dishes. With regard to the operating system and applications, "Menu" Is a list of operations that the user can choose to perform.
Windows main menu
In the Windows main menu (Windows7 is considered as the most common system at the time of this writing), you can select the programs you need to run them, open to access the documents that you saved on, access the operating system settings, get help and assistance on system, search for the ones you need.
Main menu opens by clicking the left button on the "Start" button located in the lower left corner of the taskbar. In the menu that opens, in its left pane, there will be a list of programs that you launched last. To restart it, all that remains is to left-click on the name of the application.
To view all installed programs, click on the menu item "All programs"... A list of all installed programs on the computer will appear in the left pane in the form of icons or folders with the name of the application. To start the program, you need to click on its name. If the name of the program in the main menu is located in a folder, then you need to open the folder by clicking the left mouse button. As a rule, the folder with the name of the program contains icons for its launch, uninstallation and the help file.
The search bar is located at the bottom of the left panel of the main menu. To search for the desired file, you need to enter its name and click the magnifying glass icon. The found file will be displayed in the left pane of the main menu.
In the right pane of the Windows main menu, there is a list that allows you to quickly access some of the operating system's functions:
- The documents... This item of the main menu allows you to open a folder in which you can store documents.
- Images... The main menu item that gives access to the contents of the folder with graphic files (photos, drawings, etc.)
- Music... Opens the folder with the audio files stored in it.
- A computer... Clicking on this item of the main menu will open a window where all available storage media will be shown: logical drives and removable media.
- Control Panel... Access to basic Windows settings.
- Devices and Printers... Left-clicking on this item opens a window showing the presence of connected printers.
- Default programs... Gives quick access to setting programs that will process this or that file type by default. For example, in addition to the standard media player that comes with the operating system, you have installed a third-party player. Using this menu item, you can select that files with the .mp3 extension will be played only by this player, and all other types of media files, standard.
- Help & Support... Calling the help system of the installed operating system, in which you can learn about certain of its functions.
Programs, windows and documents menus
Programs developed for Windows have a standard interface in which the program menu is based on a single principle.
An interface or user interface is a set of tools, methods, and rules for interacting with a program or operating system.
This means that any program running on Windows has a standard look and feel and standard controls. The menu in the program, which can be both horizontal and vertical, consists of menu items, the choice of which is done by clicking the left mouse button. Clicking on a menu item invokes an action or opens an additional list with items - a submenu.
Hovering the mouse cursor over a menu item makes it stand out visually. It can be coloring or embossing a point. Menu commands that are not available (for which there are no prerequisites) are grayed out.
Vertical menu items, depending on the purpose, may have additional elements:
- To the left of a vertical menu item, there may be a dot that serves as a value switch.
- To the left of the item of the vertical menu there may be a check mark showing the state of the mode, on or off.
- The pointer in the form of a triangle to the right of a vertical menu item indicates the presence of an additional menu (submenu) for this item.
A context menu is a special kind of menu called by right-clicking on any object and showing a valid list of actions with this object.
24. The main menu in Windows. Main menu structure and commands, purpose
The Windows main menu is expanded by clicking the Start button and provides access to all the main tools and applications on your computer. If you install a new program on your computer, its name usually appears in the Main Menu in the "Programs" item, from where this program can be launched. The content and structure of the Main Menu can be adjusted quite widely. You can speed up the navigation through menus and submenus. It is not necessary to go through all the menu items with arrows. You can press the hot letter of the menu item. This can be a specially defined hot letter, which is underlined in the name of the menu item. Otherwise, the first letter of the menu item name will be hot, if the specially set hot letter is absent. Unfortunately, fast search is not always possible for names starting with Russian letters. At a minimum, for this, Russian must be installed on the computer as the default language.
25. Control Panel in Windows OS. Purpose, composition.
The control panel is a tool for configuring the operating system. It consists of groups of tools divided by purpose.
1. Equipment setup.
2. Configuring the interface.
3.Software setup.
4. Tools embedded in the control panel for the production of software equipment
Administration-the group in the control panel provides access to the settings of the operating system, including all other settings groups. You can go to the settings using (via) the property command in the context menu of the corresponding system objects. The system folder Network Neighborhood allows you to configure the network equipment. For making settings in the operating system Windows starting from the NT family has organizer rights.
26. The concept of menus, types of menus in Windows, working with menus
Menu-list of commands.
1.Main menu(Start) - there are commands that correspond to certain operations (settings, help). Using the main menu, you can run all programs installed under the operating system or registered in it, open the last documents with which work was done, get access to all tools operating system settings, as well as access to Windows search and help systems.
2.System menu-this menu freely allows you to control your computer, administrative functions, manage disks (format, clean, check), run service and standard utilities, it allows you to easily navigate local disks, just like it is done from Explorer.
3.Service menu-allows to control the size and position of the window on the Desktop, called by clicking on the system icon. 4. Context menu - a set of commands that the OS selects for the user in this situation for the selected object (called by the right mouse button).
27. Text editors and processors. Purpose and types of text editors.
1st three positions: symbol, words, string 1st type of text.red-ra program allowing to work with texts of encodings of ASCII table, 2nd UNICOD. ASCII encoding 1 byte. UNICOD contains 2 bytes.
1. The simplest editor. They can only change the text, do not support formatting and are based on screen or system fonts.
2.Special ed-r-text intended for writing programs. The functionality necessary for various programming languages is added.
3. Text editors with the form of text by paragraphs, words and symbols. Document is perceived as text.
4.Text editors with graphics support (graphic objects are an element of text)
5.Display documents as I see and print WYSYG.
a) undress;
b) graphic objects
c) table.
Its name is word processors.
6. Desktop publishing systems. (2000-XP).
28. The concept of an electronic document in Windows. Types of electronic documents.
Document file associated with Windows applications.
Word doc may not always be Windows doc, only after saving.
Types of electronic documents: txt, doc, rtf, html.
The main menu opens when you click the Start button located on the Windows taskbar. If you want to use a modern and powerful version of the operating system, we recommend that you read the installation windows 7 page and install the OS. It contains icons of programs installed on the computer, a list of the most frequently used documents, system folders. Also, using the main menu, you can access the Windows settings.
Depending on the version of the operating system installed on your computer, the Main Menu can have two different visual representations: it can be displayed in the Windows XP style or in the "classic" style typical for Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Windows ME or Windows 2000.
The upper part of the Main Menu of the Windows XP operating system contains the account name of the current Windows session. It is determined by the account you selected when you logged in. The rest of the Main Menu space is divided into two functional fields: the left one displays shortcuts for Microsoft Internet Explorer and Outlook Express, as well as shortcuts for five applications that you often use. In order to launch any of these programs, just one click of the mouse on the corresponding icon.
At the very bottom of the Main Menu, there are two buttons: Logout ... (or Logout), by clicking which you can end your current Windows session, and Turn Off Computer ... (or Shutdown), which allows you to logout and turn off the computer.
In order to access the shortcuts of installed applications and system programs, you need to move the mouse cursor to the All Programs (Programs) icon located at the bottom of the Main Menu and hold it for a few seconds.
If in the version of the operating system you are using, the Main Menu has a classic visual presentation, access to the list of programs is carried out by clicking on the Programs item located in the upper part of the menu. An additional menu will appear on the screen, containing the actual icons of programs and program groups; the latter are displayed on the screen using the characteristic folder symbol, marked with a black arrow on the right. By placing the mouse cursor on the icon of a program group, you get access to a submenu, which contains shortcuts for this program group - subgroups of a lower order or the programs themselves. To launch any application from the Main Menu, click once on the corresponding icon with the mouse.
What is the desktop> What is the taskbar
pomogu-vsem.ru
Hello, friends. Today, together with novice users, we will look at the Start menu device in the Windows7 operating system and figure out how to configure it. The Start menu is the primary means of accessing programs, applications, and settings on your computer. This menu can be accessed by clicking the Start button in the lower left corner of your desktop, or by pressing the Windows logo key on your keyboard (almost every keyboard has this button).
Start menu device
The Start menu has two panels.
The left pane contains shortcuts to the most frequently used programs, the All Programs menu and the search bar.
The upper part of the shortcuts in the left pane (it is separated from the rest by a thin line) is the area of pinned programs, which are constantly present there, regardless of the frequency of their use. You can add icons of other programs to the docked area or remove existing ones from it using the context menu of these programs.
At the bottom of the left pane there is a link to open the All Programs menu, which contains a complete list of programs installed on your computer. To select programs in the list, you can use the vertical scroll bar or the mouse scroll wheel.
At the very bottom of the left pane is the universal search bar. Using this line, you can very easily and quickly access all programs, controls and settings on your computer.
The right panel contains buttons for navigating to various controls and system folders, as well as links to the main user libraries. In total, up to twenty elements can be placed in the right panel, but by default only the most necessary ones are presented here.
At the top of the right pane is the currently logged in user icon and name. Clicking the icon opens the User Accounts window, and clicking a user name opens their profile folder.
At the bottom of the right pane, there is a Shut Down button that you can click to shut down your computer. By clicking on the triangle to the right of the button, you can select one of the shutdown modes, as well as change the user.
Configurable components of the right pane of the Start menu
The documents. Selecting this link opens the Documents library (a library is a collection of folders and files with similar content, collected from various locations). The "Documents" library, like other libraries, includes two folders: a folder with user documents and a folder with documents common to all users.
Images. The Pictures library opens.
Music. The Music library opens.
A computer. The "Computer" folder opens, containing the icons of the available disks, drives, and other devices.
Control Panel. The Control Panel opens and contains links to various items used to customize your computer.
Devices and printers. The system folder opens, which displays external devices connected to the computer and devices that can be connected to it. The computer itself is also displayed in this folder.
Default programs. The "Default Programs" folder opens. Here you can set the programs that Windows uses to process different types of files.
Help and support. The Help and Support window opens, allowing you to search for the required help information.
If necessary, you can add the following items to the right panel of the Start menu: Administrative Tools, Video, Homegroup, Run, Favorites, Recent Documents, Connect to, Network, TV Recordings, Downloads.
Customizing the Start Menu
In the Properties window, click the Customize button on the Start Menu tab, which will open the Customize Start Menu window.
The Start Menu Customization window contains a list of Start menu items whose options and display methods can be changed as you wish.
Most of the items in the right pane can be displayed in two ways, as a menu or as a link.
The Start Menu Size area at the bottom of the window allows you to change the number of commonly used programs that appear in the left pane of the Start menu.
The Default Settings button allows you to return to the original Start menu.
That's all. I hope this article was helpful to you. You learned how the Windows 7 Start menu is organized and how to customize this menu to your liking to make your computer more comfortable. Until next time on the blog pages. Good luck!
If you have any questions on the topic of the article, please contact us in the comments.
Best regards, Vladimir (Spectr-rv.ru).
spectr-rv.ru
What is the Windows context menu and how to call it
In order for the computer to understand the user, and the user can explain to the computer what he wants from him, there are elements such as a menu (there are several types of them) and a graphical interface. We will devote this publication to one of the categories related to this topic - how to call the context menu in Windows and what it is.
The menu is an element of the Windows graphical interface
When people talk to each other, they don’t think that the language of communication is one of the types of interface. In principle, the user, issuing commands from the set of the available list, receiving requests from the OS, opening windows, using the scrollbars, uses a graphical interface without thinking about what it is.
Graphical interface
The concept of an interface is broad enough. If we talk about the Context Menu (English), as a component of the graphical interface, then it should be imagined as an element of the dialogue with the operating system (computer).
We call
Context Menu is a list (list, set) of commands available to the user relative to some object. Now let's see how the context menu opens. Before opening the context menu, you need to place the cursor (mouse) on some object (by activating it). And then you can call it in different ways:
- Right mouse;
- A combination of "shift" and "F10";
- Also, the context menu is called by pressing a special button - it is located between "ALT" and "CTRL".
The set of its commands may be different and depends on which object was called over (in which area of the screen):
Filling
Context Menu is sometimes also referred to as "explorer" or "action" menu. Its appearance does not really depend on the object of the call, which cannot be said about its various filling with commands.
Compare the Context Menu invoked on the desktop:
with Context Menu called above the folder:
Do you feel the difference?
Conclusion - this set of possible actions depends on what type of object in a particular case is applied to (file, shortcut, folder, desktop, etc.).
Pay attention to the first figure - if a triangle-arrow is visible at the right end of the list line, this means the existence of a submenu in it (in this case, the submenu directory is opened).
Add Shift
If, calling the Context Menu with the right mouse, add to this pressing the "Shift" button, then we will see a list that has increased from one to several lines (on the right). This sometimes adds extra convenience:
Finding a location
Since the Context Menu has a different set of commands for files and directories, its location (and its settings) in the Windows Registry is different.
For directories, place it here:
For files - already in another branch of the registry: in the folders "shell" and "shellex \ ContextMenuHandlers":
Configuring
When new applications are added to the computer, the list is updated with new items and expands. For some users, working with a window takes on a tinge of anguish. Take a look:
In addition, someone will want to tweak the list of right-click commands to suit their tastes and installed programs. Such a reformation is carried out either manually, working with the Registry, or using third-party applications. Our separate publication will be devoted to this topic.
From the same publication, you now know how to call the context menu, what it is, got acquainted with the views, filling, and found out the location.
NastroyVse.ru
What is a context menu?
In this informational article, you will learn how to invoke the context menu for any file, folder, shortcut, etc. using several different methods.
The context menu is a list of available commands that depend on the currently selected object. Folders, files, desktop or all kinds of programs with which each of the users works on a daily basis, almost all of them have a context menu that has its own difference in the number of items, and therefore opportunities.
How do I call the context menu?
To do this, you just need to right-click on the selected object, but the Shift + F10 key combination calls up the menu of the currently active window, or just press the context menu key (you can read about this key and other useful keyboard shortcuts in this article).
If you click on the desktop in an empty space with the right mouse button (right mouse button), then a menu will appear with the sections available in it, and if you click on the file, other sections will appear, and the shortcut will also have personal differences in items, etc. ...
This is actually what the content consists in, that is, the composition of the sections changes from a certain type of object.
Extended context menu
To call it, hold down the Shift key and right-click on the selected object, which makes the list increase by several points, in contrast to the usual call.
In the given example, you can observe these differences. On the left screenshot there is a standard call with the right button on the object, and on the right screenshot there is an extended call, where the command line call tab (cmd.exe) has been added.
When the Shift + RMB key is combined, the menu will always expand from one to several new items, which can be very useful in some cases. I also want to draw your attention to the fact that some tabs have a small arrow on the right side, if you hover over it, an additional submenu will pop up with a list of additional tabs.
