How to run windows 10 from the command line. Alternative Windows recovery using the command line. Alternative recovery method

The Windows 10 distribution system keeps up with the times. Now there is no need to buy a disc in a store or order it online. Absolutely every user can download Windows 10 to their computer directly from the official Microsoft website. But this version will become full-fledged only when it is activated.

Reasons to activate Windows

The non-activated version of Windows is essentially a trial product. You can use it for a long time until you decide to purchase a license key. In this case, of course, some features in the non-activated version will be blocked or limited:

• All Windows 10 personalization options will be disabled. This means you won't be able to set wallpapers on your operating system, choose colors, and so on. Only the default theme will be available; you will not be able to create your own. Considering how much flexible settings personalization in this system is a serious limitation;

  Theme selection will not be available in activated Windows 10

• A watermark will appear on the desktop informing you that activation is required. This sign will be on top of all running programs or games. It is distracting and simply looks ugly, which, of course, is important for users;

  Reminder Windows activation will interfere with your work

• lack of official support from Microsoft: after purchasing a license you become a client of the company. This means that it is obliged to provide you with technical assistance on the official forums and fully support your product. This also includes regular system updates, which only the activated version of Windows 10 receives.

  Only activated versions of Windows 10 receive full company support

It turns out that working on an activated operating system is not only more pleasant and convenient, but also more reliable. After all, many updates primarily concern the security and protection of your computer.

Activating Windows in various ways

Regardless of which one Windows version you use (Home, Pro, corporate or others), you can activate it different ways, even having the key to a different version. Among the activation methods there are both legal - with the purchase of a key - and illegal methods. Whether to use illegal activation methods or not - this choice always remains on the user’s conscience.

Activating Windows 10 via the command line

A very simple way to activate is through the command line. This requires literally a couple of commands, but first you need to open it:

This will open the command prompt. Follow these steps:

If activation is successful, you will receive a notification about this. After this, you can close the command line.

Entering the activation key in the system parameters

Another activation method is activation through system parameters. Do the following:

You can also activate it in the computer update menu:

Regardless of the chosen method, the result will be the same: your system will be activated if the key is entered correctly.

Activating Windows 10 without the Internet

The official activation process itself involves contacting Microsoft servers to confirm the key. Therefore, activation without the Internet can be understood as:

• delayed activation during Windows installation, which will be carried out as soon as the computer connects to the network. So, for example, you may have a digital license (for example, when upgrading from a licensed version of Windows 8.1), in this case you will not be asked for a key, and activation will take place automatically when you go online;
• activation by phone - it is possible to activate Windows 10 by phone using Microsoft's automatic assistant;
• activation through an activator program - there are illegal activators that can work without the Internet. They do not directly activate the system, but force the computer to consider it as such, removing all imposed restrictions.

Activation of OEM version of Windows 10

The OEM in the version name refers to the distribution type of the operating system. This means that the system was pre-installed on the computer to be sold with it. So, when you buy a modern laptop, you will receive a device with an OEM version of Windows 10. However, you will not be given a key to the operating system directly; it will be tied to the laptop’s motherboard.

If such a laptop fails to activate when reinstalling Windows, it would be nice to know your license key. This can be done using the ProdeKey program, which will identify the key associated with your equipment. This program serves the sole purpose of telling you your operating system key.

This program will allow you to find out the key associated with your equipment

After you find out the key, all you have to do is activate the system using one of the methods described above. Activation will be completely legal, because you purchased this version of Windows along with the equipment.

Sometimes you can find a license key directly on the case of your laptop or computer in the form of a special sticker.

Stickers with activation codes may look different

Activating Windows 10 by phone

The way to activate Windows 10 by phone is convenient when you can’t access the Internet. For this type of Windows activation, the following steps will be required:

Option to delay activation

All the legal methods described above will activate your system forever. As long as you don't reinstall it or replace key pieces of hardware, you won't need to reactivate it. In the case of illegal methods, no one knows when the activation of your Windows will be reset.

But there is another officially approved method that activates Windows temporarily. This is done like this:

In this way, you will postpone the need for activation for a month and can continue to use your operating system to its fullest potential. You can do this only three times, then this option will not be available.

Activating Windows via KMS activator

Mentioning activation methods, we cannot help but talk about the most popular unofficial program for activating Windows. Its features are:

• supports all modern operating systems, any versions;
• completely free;
• carries out high-quality activation with the function of maintaining it in the future if desired;
• has many settings for experienced users and the ability to activate with one button for beginners.

Using this program is really very simple:

Video: an easy way to activate Windows 10

Getting the Education Edition of Windows

There are several editions of Windows specifically for educational institutions. They differ from the usual ones in more advanced functionality, programs for conducting tests, and changed default settings. And, of course, there is a separate version of Windows 10 Enterprise created specifically for educational institutions.

Applies to similar products special system licensing, as well as separate prices. True, you will have to officially confirm that you are educational institution to receive these benefits. The purchase procedure itself must take place through official Microsoft intermediaries.

Available convenient system selecting a supplier for your educational institution

Otherwise, the process of activating such operating systems does not differ from activating other versions. You can also activate Windows yourself through system settings or use third party programs to activate.

Activating Windows after replacing the motherboard

Like the previous one operating system, Windows 10, when activated, “remembers” the hardware of your computer. If it changes seriously, for example, when replacing motherboard, activation may fail. If you have a license key or you updated unofficially, your actions are clear. You just need to re-enter the key or re-activate. But what if you received a licensed version of Windows 10 due to free update? In this case, you do not have the key and will have to act differently.

Before the anniversary release Windows updates 10 The only solution was to contact technical support. There they had to describe the situation and, after a private review, Microsoft technical support staff made a decision and returned the activation manually. Now this process can be performed automatically. Do the following:

After this, the activation will return to its place and you can continue working. In case of any controversial situations or if this method does not help, you will still have to contact technical support.

Preserving Windows activation when reinstalling the system

Many digitally activated users (that is, those who upgraded for free when they left new system) are afraid to reinstall Windows. “After all, with a clean reinstallation, all files from the computer will be deleted, which means activation will also fail,” users reason. In fact, this statement is not true. Activation will take place automatically if:

• When you reinstalled Windows 10, you did not replace the motherboard or other hardware;
• you are installing the same version of Windows that you already had installed.

That is, the main thing is not to try to install a different version using your license key. It must completely match the one that has already been activated.

If you have any problems with reactivation, Microsoft suggests contacting technical support or using the Activation Troubleshooter.

Reappearance of the Windows activation message

If the message about the need to activate Windows 10 returns to your desktop, this may be due to one of two reasons:

• or Windows activation was not performed reliably, and the this moment your operating system has returned to its inactive state;
• or the error is solely in the return of the inscription, despite the fact that the system itself remains activated.

In the first case, you need to reactivate the system using one method or another. In the second, you can cope with the simple Universal Watermark Disabler program. Take the following steps to get rid of the activation requirement notification:

Video: Removing a watermark using Universal Watermark Disabler

Windows activation problems and errors

Let's look at the most common problems associated with Windows activation.

Windows 10 won't activate after installation

If you are unable to activate Windows after reinstalling the operating system, there may be several reasons:

• during recovery, update or Windows installations 10, the version of the operating system for which you have the key was not used;
• the copy of Windows you purchased was installed on several different computers. The license agreement allows activation on multiple devices, but activation may fail if used simultaneously;
• using an unofficial Windows image;
• significant changes in the hardware used on your computer.

We have already described how to act in the face of some of these factors above. In any case, if you have problems with official Windows activation, you can always contact Microsoft technical support for help.

The system asks for activation, but is activated

This failure may occur in the following cases:

• if your Windows 10 has not been updated for a long time. In this case, simply update it to the latest version;
• if your computer does not have an Internet connection. The system cannot verify the authenticity of your key;
• Microsoft servers are overloaded. Because of this, some of the data may be issued in an incorrect way, leading to certain failures.

Other Windows 10 activation errors

There are other Windows activation errors. Usually they are indicated by one or another code: 0xC004F210, 0xC004F034, 0x8007267C. The solutions to these errors differ from each other, and the reasons for their occurrence can be divided into three simple categories:

• Key entry error on your part. You just need to enter the key more carefully or verify its authenticity;
• The user has problems with the Internet. Install reliable connection before trying to activate the key;
• Microsoft has network problems. Due to maintenance work or heavy load, this may also make it impossible to activate the system. In this case, all that remains is to wait.

A universal solution to any problems that cause errors is the ability to contact technical support or run the activation troubleshooter.

Any activation error can be corrected by technical support

Windows activation check

If you have activated the system and need to verify this, you can use one of the following methods:

• go to the system information window and find the inscription “Windows activated”;

  On the system screen you can find information about the successful activation of Windows 10

• find the same message in the update settings in the activation section;

  You can find out that the system is activated in the Activation menu

• enter slmgr /xpr into the command line. If the system is activated, you will receive a message about this.

  After entering the command, you will see a message indicating that the system is activated

Any of these methods is equally reliable, so it’s enough to check with one of them.

The more ways you know to activate Windows 10, the more options you have to do so. If one method doesn't work for you, just try another. After all, working on activated Windows is much more pleasant and safer.

Command line - standard remedy operating systems, which is used to enter commands. The specificity of the console allows you to launch the recovery tool as from user interface, and with a damaged system.

Creating a copy of the system

It is impossible to restore Windows 10 without a base, which is a user-created image (working) or a system distribution kit.

Since the topic of the article is about rollback via the console, we will use the option of creating an OS image using command line.

To enter the console, you can use the internal system search or the window that is called up by pressing the WIN + R keys. Enter cmd:

In order to create a folder for storing Windows 10, enter mkdir c:\Imagen-Restaurar. Where:

• Drive C is the storage location for the copy folder. Set manually by the user. The command allows you to record a copy not only on your hard drive, but also on an external device. To do this, just enter the letter designation of the flash drive/disk;

• Imagen-Restaurar – the name of the folder that contains the image.

Comment. After entering this command, the console will not give any signals, but the folder will be created. To be on the safe side, check the disk.

The recimg /createimage c:\Imagen-Restaurar command directly creates the image itself and places it in the specified folder.

After entering the command, the creation procedure is initiated. backup copy Windows 10, which lasts on average 20-25 minutes. During this time, it is recommended not to work with the computer. When the process is completed, a characteristic message will appear in the console indicating the successful creation and registration of the recovery image.

A few nuances when working with the command line in Windows:

• To separate words, do not use a space, do it with a dash (-);

• While writing a copy, the process may hang at 1% for a long time. This is fine;

• It is strongly recommended not to change the name standard folder, since during Windows rollback 10 the search for an image occurs in specific places;

• Once the copying process is complete, go to the specified path and check the folder for the presence of the CustomRefresh.wim file. If it is not there, then the copying was unsuccessful.

Restoring Windows 10 using the command line

Even though the console is manual method recovery, no special knowledge is needed to carry out the procedure, since the meaning of all commands is written in Russian.

Before you start the rollback, you should insert a disk or flash drive with a copy/distribution and boot from this device. An action selection window will appear, in which you need to click on diagnostics and then go to the additional parameters section:

In chapter additional settings select launch command line:

After this action, a console will appear into which you can enter bootrec.exe. The line will display a list of all possible commands with their detailed description:

Teams solve the following problems:

• FixMbr (alternative to fixboot) – used when the boot sector of the system HDD is damaged by malicious software software. By entering the command, the system will automatically correct these problems, and the user will be able to log into Windows 10 in normal mode;

• Bootcfg – is designed to solve the problem when there is no boot.ini file. To restore functionality, you must enter a command with the rebuild attribute. The result is Bootcfg/rebuild;

• CD repair copy SYSTEM C:\windows\system32\config – used when the system config file is damaged. After entering the command, prompts will be displayed in the console. We answer yes to everything by pressing the Y key. ;

• Copy J:\i386\ntldr C :\ - fixes the “NTLDR is missing” error, which is associated with missing system files. J – drive letter where the image or distribution is located. C– the disk where the system is stored on the computer.

Comment. Each system is to some extent individual, so the user must know exactly the letter designation of the drives of his computer.

Hello blog visitors.

Sometimes users of computers with Microsoft operating systems encounter a situation where their device refuses to boot. At the same time, all sorts of errors appear on the monitor: “ OS wasn't found», « Insert boot disk" and others. This usually happens after installing a second OS on the device, changing hidden hard drive partitions, experimenting with EasyBCD. Most likely this option will require restoration Windows boot loader 10. Later in the article I will tell you how this is done in various ways.

It’s worth saying right away that, in general, restoration actions for various modifications will be the same. Even regardless of whether it is used GPT disk or MBR, BIOS or a modern version is installed - UEFI.

It should be noted that the above errors do not always appear as a result of problems with the system bootloader. Sometimes the cause may well be a CD forgotten in the DVD drive, a connected USB flash drive, or an additional hard drive.

Automatic recovery( )

The developers of Windows 10 have provided a convenient function in their OS “ resuscitation" while loading. It is worth noting that it works this section Fine. In most cases, this is enough to return the device to working condition. If after installing Windows XP you decide to switch to latest version operating system and observe problems at startup, you need to perform several steps:

Afterwards the process can go in several ways. So, a message about the impossibility of recovery will appear before your eyes. Or we will see the desktop (of course, first in the BIOS you need to return the launch from the hard drive).

But sometimes this method does not solve the existing problem. In this case, we’ll try to carry out the procedure manually using the utilities built into Win. This usually works better.

In manual mode( )

For the procedure, we again need bootable portable memory - without the distribution kit we will not be able to accomplish our plans. If this is not the case, use another computer to create it. It is important that the system is of the same build and capacity.

If you are using a boot disk, select “ Diagnostics", Further " Add. options"and the necessary tool.

In any case, a black window will appear in which you need to specify three lines, and after each click “ Enter»:
diskpart
list volume
exit

After the second command, a list of all mounted volumes will appear. We remember the letter of the one on which they are located system files. The fact is that during recovery it may not be a partition at all WITH:\, but any other. So it is important to define it accurately.

Most often, only one operating system is used on a computer. There is only one section MBR or EFI. So to restore the bootloader after installing Windows 7 and then using the tenth version, just run the following command:

bcdboot c:\windows

Important! Instead of “c:\” you will most likely have to specify another letter.

Interesting to know! If the computer uses two operating systems at once, the above command is executed twice. The main thing is to indicate the path correctly. However, this move will not work for XP and Linux.

After this, a message will appear that everything necessary files created. Next, remove the flash drive or disk and restart the device. Let's try to boot in normal mode.

Important! In some cases, the normal launch of the operating system does not occur immediately. You must first check the hard drive. And only with the next reboot everything will return to its place. So, as you can see, without the command line you won’t be able to accomplish your plans.

Another manual method( )

If the methods described above did not help, return to the command line. It's worth noting that if you do this from safe mode, which means the bootloader has nothing to do with it. You can simply restore as usual.

So, in the appropriate program we write:
diskpart
list volume

After that, we need to study the information received. If you are using a system with , the list should contain a hidden FAT32 partition, the size of which does not exceed 300 MB. In the case when on a computer MBR and BIOS, look for the section NTFS 500 MB or a little less.

In any case, users need to write down the partition number N and remember the letter where the system files are located.

Next, enter a number of commands and after each one, confirm your intentions by pressing “ Enter»:
select volume N
format fs=fat32(or ntfs - it all depends on the file system used)
assign letter=Q(this section is assigned a new letter " Q»)
bcdboot c:\Windows /s Q: /f all(assuming system data is on disk C:\)

After that, we close the environment and boot not from a portable device, but from a hard drive.

Recovery from third-party OS( )

In some cases, after Linux is installed on a computer as a second system, Win 10 stops starting. This is usually due to the corresponding sector being overwritten.

To restore the area we need after Linux, we do the following:

We insert a boot disk or flash drive (as you can see, we can’t do without this).

Select " System Restore" And " Diagnostics».

We are interested in " Extra options", and then " Command line».

A new window will open in which we indicate only two lines and after each click “ Enter»:

bootrec.exe /FixMbr

bootrec.exe /FixBoot

As a result, the functionality of the Microsoft operating system will be restored.

It's worth noting that this same method can be used when you need to locate a new bootloader in place of GRUB.

As always, you can watch a helpful video regarding this topic. It is described in detail here, and most importantly, it is shown how and what needs to be done.

I hope the above information will help you resolve issues on your device. Subscribe and tell your friends so you always know how to fix errors on your computer!

It happens that when you turn on the computer after an improper shutdown, a power outage, or installing a second operating system, a message appears on the screen stating that the boot disk or bootloader cannot be detected. In order to start the computer in this case, you need to restore the Windows 10 boot loader. But you should immediately find out what it is, and also consider the reasons for the appearance of such errors.

What is a bootloader?

The OS operating system loader is a program that allows the OS to start after successful completion of the computer's self-test when turned on. This very testing of PC hardware components is carried out by a set of BIOS microprograms, after which it transfers control of the system to the bootloader, which already launches the operating system.

This scheme is relevant not only for computers and laptops; it is used in many devices: simple logic controllers, smartphones and other mobile devices.

The bootloader performs several functions besides starting the OS:

• prepares the hardware to load the operating system kernel;
• launches the OS kernel stored on HDD, SDD or transmitted over the network;
• transfers control of the device to the operating system kernel.

Causes of the problem

The error message occurs after the computer's initial boot phase has completed, and the boot loader that needs to transfer control of starting the OS is not found in specified location(first sector boot disk). There are several reasons for errors regarding the absence of a boot record:

• Availability bad sectors on disk;
• absence of a bootloader file, which in the top ten is called bootmgr;
• careless handling of programs for creating multiboot configurations (EasyBCD);
• installing an older operating system on top of a new one and generally installing a second OS.

Solution

Restoring the Windows 10 bootloader is carried out using several methods using the command line. If the user is new or unfamiliar with this system tool, there is no need to worry. There is absolutely nothing complicated here, and even a beginner can cope with resuscitating the bootloader by strictly following the given instructions.

Before you begin recovery, you need to perform a few simple operations:

• disconnect all external storage media from the computer (flash drive, camera, eBook, smartphone), and when
• capabilities, and all other USB devices except the mouse and keyboard;
• go to BIOS section, most often referred to as “Boot” or “Boot priority”, and select as the 1st boot device
• hard drive where Windows 10 is located.

If after a reboot the problem does not disappear, we move on to more drastic solutions.

Method No. 1

To restore the boot loader in Windows 10 (and any other Windows, starting from Windows 7), you will need a distribution kit with operating system installation files. Most likely, it will be a bootable USB flash drive created from an ISO image. A Windows 10 recovery disc will also work.

1. Connect bootable USB flash drive, reboot the computer and boot from this drive using the “Boot menu”.

It is usually called up using the F9, F11 or F12 key. In any case, information about this is displayed at the time of self-testing of PC hardware components.

2. Go to the “tens” recovery environment by clicking on the link of the same name on the screen with the “Install” button.

3. Go to click on the icon with the inscription: “Troubleshooting” and call up additional parameters.

4. Launch the command line.

By the way, by selecting the “Startup Repair” option, the steps below can be automated, but the method does not always work.

5. Enter a sequence of system commands, executing them by pressing the “Enter” key:

• diskpart - to launch a utility that allows you to work with disk partitions;
• list volume - visualizes data about the partitions of your hard drive (remember the letter label of the volume on which Windows is located);
• exit - exit from the Diskpart program.

6. Execute the command “bcdboot x:\windows”, where x is the letter of the partition with OS files.

7. After a message appears about the successful creation of the download files, restart the computer.

Method number 2

If restoring the Windows 10 bootloader using the proposed method failed, repeat all the steps given in the first section, up to the 4th step.

If you are using a PC with a new UEFI interface and circuit GPT partitions, we are looking for a hidden volume formatted in FAT32, the size of which ranges from ~300-500 MB. When using an old motherboard with a BIOS, we are looking for a ~450 MB volume with the same file system.

2. Remember the section number, for example, “Volume 3”, and its letter label.

3. Execute the chain of commands below:

select volume X, where X is the drive letter;
format fs=fat32 or format fs=ntfs, depending on the file system;
assign letter Y - assign a letter label to the disk;
exit - unload diskpart from RAM;
bcdboot C:\Windows /s Y: /f all, (C:\ - system partition):
diskpart
list volume
select volume X;
remove letter=Y - disables display of the service disk in Windows;

4. Close the command line and reboot.

Method No. 3

Restoring the bootloader using the above methods is impossible without bootable media with installation Windows files 10, so let’s consider the simplest (but not the most effective) option for restoring the “tens” bootloader. To do this, we launch “Special download options,” which is not always possible. IN additional parameters call the command line, execute the command “bootrec.exe /fixboot” and reboot the computer. This concludes the methods for restoring the Windows 10 bootloader.

So, the new operating room Windows system 10 gives to its users. What about old, proven interfaces that make working on a computer much easier? For example, you can do a lot of operations through the command line that are difficult to implement through windows. Naturally, a lot of work has been done to fix bugs in Windows 10. Nomadic chaos from previous versions systems, such as the pile-up of slabs in the Start menu, were stopped. Therefore, it was decided to leave the command line.

Of course, such an interface itself is unusual for the typical user. However, it is very convenient to work through the command line once you remember the primitive commands. No need to click the mouse, everything is done by hand. And you can do everything faster with your hands if you develop the skill. Now we'll tell you how to find the command line in latest Windows 10 and start working through it.

Instant launch

For advanced computer users, hotkeys have long existed. These simple combinations open any application that you don’t need to search through windows for several minutes. In this case, the command line opens by pressing Win + X. You can also easily press right click mouse on the Start menu. Will fall out context menu, in which you should select a special item.

Search by search

To make work easier in Windows 10, there is a special search. Yes, the developers have implemented such a function through the image of a magnifying glass on the taskbar. The hand just wants to click on the attractive icon. Let's do it. A search bar will open in which you need to type: cmd. If you need to run as administrator, which is almost always necessary, then just right-click on the search results and select the appropriate launch.

Familiar windows

In Windows 10, there is no escape from the familiar windowed interface. Actually, the system is based on this principle. Therefore there is easy way launch the command line through standard explorer. Any folder has a File menu, which opens with a mouse click. Naturally, an item with the desired name will appear, where you can open the command line even as an administrator with one click.

Such in simple ways You can open the command line so that you can easily work through it later. How to do this? It is enough to type typical commands online. Of course, you won’t be able to remember everything right away. But if you practice regularly, then after a while your hands will write the necessary commands themselves. After all GUI not only consumes a huge amount of computer resources, but also overloads the human brain additional information, which is often superfluous.