The role of information activities in modern educational society. Presentation on the topic: The role of information activities in modern society. Harnessing the power of digital technology
Humanity, from the day it emerged from the animal world, has devoted a significant part of its time and attention to information processes.
Nowadays, millions of people have become users of information. Cheap computers appeared that were available to millions of users. Computers have become multimedia, i.e. they process various types of information: sound, graphic, video, etc. This, in turn, gave impetus to the widespread use of computers in various fields of science, technology, production, and everyday life.
Communication means have become ubiquitous, and computers are connected to participate jointly in the information process. computer networks. The worldwide computer network Internet has appeared, the services of which are used by a significant part of the world's population, quickly receiving and exchanging data, i.e. a single global information space is being formed.
Currently, the circle of people involved in information processing has grown to unprecedented proportions, and the speed of exchange has become simply fantastic; computers are used in almost all areas of people's lives. Before our eyes, an information society is emerging, where the emphasis of attention and importance is shifting from traditional types of resources (material, financial, energy, etc.) to an information resource, which, although it has always existed, was not considered either as an economic or as another category. Information resources are individual documents and arrays of documents in libraries, archives, funds, data banks, information systems ah and other storage facilities. In other words, information resources are knowledge prepared by people for social use in society and recorded on material media. The information resources of a country, region, or organization are increasingly considered as strategic resources, similar in importance to reserves of raw materials, energy, minerals and other resources.
Development of world information resources made it possible to transform the activity of providing information services into a global human activity, to form a global and domestic market for information services, to increase the validity and efficiency of decisions made in firms, banks, exchanges, industry, and trade through the timely use of the necessary information.
IN modern world the role of information, the means of its processing, transmission and accumulation has increased immeasurably. Information science and computer technology now largely determine the scientific and technical potential of the country, the level of development of its national economy, the way of life and human activity.
Receiving and transforming information is a necessary condition for the functioning of society.
Information has become one of the most important strategic and management resources, along with resources - human, financial, and material. Its production and consumption constitute the necessary basis for the effective functioning and development of various spheres of social life, and, above all, the economy. This means that not only sources of information in any part of our planet become available to every person, but also the new information generated by him becomes the property of all humanity. In modern conditions, the right to information and access to it are of vital value for all members of society. The growing role of information in society has been the subject of scientific understanding. Theories have been put forward to explain its place and significance. The most popular theories are post-industrial and information society.
The world is entering a new era - the information era, the age of electronic economic activity, online communities and borderless organizations. The advent of new times will radically change the economic and social aspects of society. Such changes most directly affect the place of man in the information world. A person changes in accordance with the vector of information and technical characteristics of society. However, this is not at all a passive acceptance of new conditions of production and consumption. A person acts as a subject of information reality, far beyond information specifications. The informatization of everyday life and the emergence of a new information field of human existence does not pass without leaving a mark on the human life world. In the electronic space, behavioral standards and value orientations of individuals change.
New conditions for world humanity are manifested in a special form in Russia. Modern Russia is not yet an information society. First of all, because some of the information is not available to a wide range of users or has been replaced by misinformation. However, the informatization of certain segments of social life, certain spheres of politics and economics will sooner or later create conditions for the emergence of a genuine social fabric of a new type, from which an information society can grow. Post-industrial trends can be quite organically combined with the characteristics of Russian civilization.
The information society is often called a mass society and a consumer society. This is due to such informatization processes as the development of the sphere of mass communications. Global and local computer networks, tools cellular communications, television and radio broadcasting system, being components information structure society, and at the same time provide communication between people. Mass communication is one of the important phenomena of modern society, which significantly affects the development of all technologies, information technologies in particular both within each country and between countries. Often, informatization processes are given a negative connotation, which is inherent in a consumer society. Many representatives of social and scientific thought see in informatization processes that are destructive for the spiritual sphere of society and associate information civilization with the antipode of culture and spirituality.
In the field of theoretical understanding of ongoing processes, there is also still no consensus regarding the ways of development of the information society, the priority of one or another of its directions, the clarity and precision of formulations and concepts expressing what is happening in the information sphere. Therefore, theoretical research into both conceptual and practical (real) prerequisites for understanding current information processes remains relevant.
information society resource world
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Topic 1. Human information activity Lecture 1.1. Introduction. The role of information activities in modern society, its economic, social, cultural, educational spheres. The importance of computer science in mastering specialties in secondary vocational education. Main stages of development of the information society.
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Computer science is a science that studies the laws, methods and methods of accumulating, processing and transmitting information using computers and other technical means. Informatics (French Informatique; English Computer science) - the science of methods and processes of collecting, storing, processing, transmitting, analyzing and evaluating information using computer technology, providing the possibility of its use for decision making. Computer science
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Historically, the word computer science comes from the French word Informatique, formed by combining the terms Information (information) and Automatique (automation). Despite the widespread use of the term computer science in a number of Eastern European countries, in most countries Western Europe and the USA uses another term - Computer Science (the science of computer technology). It is customary to name two sciences as sources of computer science: documentary science and cybernetics. Documentary writing, the subject of which was the study of rational means and methods for increasing the efficiency of document flow, was formed at the end of the 19th century in connection with the rapid development of industrial relations. Its heyday occurred in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. The technical science closest to computer science is cybernetics (kyberneticos), the foundations of which were laid in 1948 by the American mathematician Norbert Wiener. Cybernetics (from ancient Greek κυβερνητική “the art of control”) is the science of the general laws of receiving, storing, transforming and transmitting information in complex control systems, be they machines, living organisms or society. Interestingly, the term “cybernetics” was first introduced by the French physicist Andre Marie Ampere in the first half of the 19th century. He was developing unified system classification of all sciences and designated with this term a hypothetical science of management, which did not exist at that time, but which, in his opinion, should have existed. A little history...
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Theoretical computer science is a mathematical discipline that uses mathematical methods to build and study models of processing, transmission and use of information; it creates the theoretical foundation on which the entire edifice of computer science is built. Cybernetics is the science of control in living, non-living and artificial systems. Cybernetics can be considered as Applied Informatics in the field of creation and use of automatic or automated systems control of varying degrees of complexity: from control of a single object (machine tool, industrial installation, car, etc.) to the most complex control systems for entire industries, banking systems, communication systems and even communities of people. Technical cybernetics is developing most actively, the results of which are used for management in industry and science. Programming is a field of activity aimed at creating individual programs and packages application programs, development of programming languages, creation operating systems, organizing the interaction of computers using communication protocols. Artificial intelligence, the goal of work in the field of which is aimed at revealing the secrets of people's creative activity, their ability to master skills, knowledge and abilities. Research in the field artificial intelligence necessary when creating robots, creating knowledge bases and expert systems based on these knowledge bases, the use of which is also necessary in legal activities. Information systems are systems designed to store, search and provide information based on user requests. In legal activities, examples of such systems are the legal information systems “Code”, “Garant”, “Consultant”, information systems for storing and retrieving various records (fingerprint, surname, bullet file, stolen and discovered things, etc.). The task of transferring all records into electronic form and organizing access to them through computer network is currently very relevant. Computer technology is an independent field in which some of the tasks are not directly related to computer science (microelectronics), however, in the development, design and production of computers, the achievements of computer science are most widely used. Information protection is a field of activity aimed at generalizing techniques, developing methods and means of data protection. Main directions of computer science
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The first “information breakthrough” was associated with the invention of writing. This led to a gigantic qualitative and quantitative leap. There is an opportunity to transfer knowledge from generation to generation. The second “information breakthrough” (mid-16th century) was caused by the invention of printing, which radically changed industrial society, its culture and organization of activities. The third “information breakthrough” (late 19th century) is associated with the advent of the telegraph, telephone, and radio, which made it possible to quickly transmit and accumulate information in any volume. Undoubtedly, this stage was due to the invention of electricity, thanks to which new progressive means of communication appeared. The fourth “information breakthrough” (70s of the XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the advent of the personal computer. On microprocessors and integrated circuits computers, computer networks, data transmission systems (information communications) are created. We are experiencing the fifth “information breakthrough” today. This stage is associated with the formation and development of cross-border global information and telecommunication networks, covering all countries and continents, penetrating into every home and simultaneously affecting each individual and huge masses of people. The most striking example of this phenomenon and the result of the fifth revolution is the Internet. The essence of this revolution is the integration in a single information space around the world of software and hardware, communications and telecommunications, information reserves or knowledge reserves as a unified information telecommunication infrastructure in which legal entities and individuals, state authorities and local governments actively operate. As a result, the speed and volume of processed information are increasing incredibly, new unique opportunities for producing, transmitting and distributing information, searching and receiving information, and new types of traditional activities in these networks appear. "Information Breakthroughs"
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The role of information activity in modern society, its economic, social, cultural, educational spheres Computer in various spheres of human activity Robots and manipulators
Presentation on the topic: The role of information activities in modern society
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Presentation on the topic: The role of information activities in modern society
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Information society - a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge. Information society - a society in which the majority of workers are engaged in the production, storage, processing and sale of information, especially its highest form - knowledge.
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The problems of information in general and management as an information process are given a lot of attention, due to the following objective processes: humanity is experiencing an information explosion. The growth of information circulating and stored in society has come into conflict with a person’s individual abilities to assimilate it; development of mass communication processes; the need to develop a general theory of information; development of cybernetics as a management science;
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The problems of information in general and management as an information process are given a lot of attention, due to the following objective processes (continued): the penetration of information technologies into the spheres of social life; research in the field of natural sciences confirms the role of information in the processes of self-organization of living and inanimate nature; actualization of the problem of sustainable development, the formation of an information economy, the main driving force of which is information potential and information resources; the problem of the prospects for the development of humanity as an integrity makes it necessary to raise the question of the criterion of progress in modern conditions.
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Distinctive features: increasing the role of information, knowledge and information technology in the life of society; increasing the number of people engaged in information technology, communications and the production of information products and services in the gross domestic product; increasing informatization of society using telephony, radio, television, the Internet, and also traditional and electronic media; creating a global information space ensuring: effective information interaction between people, their access to global information resources, and satisfaction of their needs for information products and services.
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The main characteristics of the information society are determined by the following criteria: Technological: the key factor is information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life. Social: information acts as an important stimulator of changes in the quality of life, “information consciousness” is formed and approved with widespread access to information. Economic: information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, commodity, source of added value and employment. Political: freedom of information leading to a political process that is characterized by increasing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata population.Cultural: recognition cultural value information by promoting the establishment of information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole.
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As a result of combining various information networks it became possible to create a global information system Internet, allowing information services to be carried out on the principle of “always and everywhere: 365/366 days, 24 hours a day anywhere in the world.” As a result of the unification of various information networks, it became possible to create a global information system Internet, allowing conduct information services according to the principle “always and everywhere: 365/366 days, 24 hours a day anywhere in the world.”
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Now information technology has turned into an independent and quite profitable type of business, which is aimed at satisfying the various information needs of a wide range of users. Now information technology has turned into an independent and quite profitable type of business, which is aimed at satisfying the various information needs of a wide range of users.
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The use of modern information technologies provides almost instantaneous connection to any electronic information arrays (such as databases, electronic directories and encyclopedias, various operational reports, analytical reviews, legislative and regulatory acts, etc.) coming from international, regional and national information systems and using them in the interests of successful business. The use of modern information technologies provides almost instantaneous connection to any electronic information arrays (such as databases, electronic reference books and encyclopedias, various operational reports, analytical reviews, legislative and regulatory acts, etc.) coming from international, regional and national information systems and using them in the interests of successful business.
Information activities– activities that ensure the collection, processing, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information, as well as the formation of an information resource and the organization of access to it.
Information has always played extremely important role In human life. Whoever has the most information on any issue is always in a better position than others. It is a well-known saying that whoever owns the information owns the world.
Since ancient times, collecting and systematizing information about the world around us has helped people survive in difficult conditions - experience and skills in making hunting and labor tools, creating clothing and medicines have been passed on from generation to generation. The information was constantly updated and supplemented - each studied phenomenon made it possible to move on to something new, more complex.
Over time, large volumes of data about the surrounding world contributed to the development of scientific and technological progress and, as a result, the entire society as a whole - people were able to learn how to manage various types matter and energy.
Over time, the role of information in human life has become more and more significant. Now, in the first half of the 21st century, the role of information in a person’s life is decisive - the more skills and knowledge he has, the higher he is valued as a specialist and employee, the more respect he has in society.
In recent decades, there has been persistent talk about the transition from an “industrial society” to an “information society.”
There is a change in production methods, people's worldviews, and their way of life. At the same time, changes are taking place in the nature of work, which is an indicator of the degree of freedom of working individuals, an indicator of their attitude towards work. This is expressed, first of all, in the “learning” of labor - in the increasing scale of application of scientific knowledge in the production process, which leads to an increase in creativity in the labor process. Labor becomes more creative, the share of mental labor increases, the importance of its individual characteristics increases, and accordingly the share of physical labor, which exhausts a person’s muscular strength, decreases. New technology requires not standard performers, not robots, but individuals, creative personalities.
Information has become one of the most important strategic and management resources, along with resources - human, financial, and material. The use of microprocessor technology, electronic computers and personal computers led to a radical transformation of relations and technological foundations of activity in various spheres of public life: production and consumption, financial activity and trade, the social structure of society and political life, the service sector and spiritual culture.
Lecture No. 1
Introduction. The role of information activity in modern society: economic, social, cultural, educational spheres.
The role of information activity in modern society
Information transmission channels
Lecture progress:
1. The role of information activities in modern society
The colossal information potential accumulated to date and the emergence of new information and communication technologies changed the socio-economic character of modern society.
If until the middle of the twentieth century society had a pronounced industrial character, then scientists characterize its current state as post-industrial, considering it as a transition to information society u.
The transition from an industrial society to an information society is characterized by the redistribution of labor resources into the service sector and information sphere:
Services sector- part of the economy that includes all types of commercial and non-commercial services; provided by enterprises, organizations, as well as individuals.
In economically developed countries, the service sector constitutes the main part of the economy in terms of the number of employees (more than 60%).
Services include following services: financial, information, housing and communal services, household, rental services, tourism, legal, hotel security, translation services, trade, transport services.
Information sphere is a set of information, information infrastructure, entities involved in the collection, formation, dissemination and use of information, as well as systems for regulating the social relations that arise in this case.
Examples of the use of computers in various fields: automated control systems, robots, communications, CAD, construction, banks, science, trade, education (database, distance learning), medicine, law enforcement, Agriculture, army, art, social sphere, everyday life.
Thus, society has information resources. Sectors of employment in the USA in 1983 service sector 30% industry 20% agricultural 5% information services 45%
The information resources include :
Libraries (more than 150 thousand in Russia, creation is underway electronic catalogs, digitization of books);
Centers for scientific and technical information (registration of new inventions and discoveries),
Archives (translation into electronic form is in progress),
Industry resources (computer centers of enterprises, information processing and management organizations),
Social resources (health care, education, pension fund, insurance system, tourism, etc.).
For the development of human society, material, instrumental, energy and other resources are needed, includinginformational . The present time is characterized by an unprecedented increase in the volume of information flows. This applies to almost any area of human activity. The greatest growth in the volume of information is observed in industry, trade, finance, banking and education.
Currently, the dissemination of information in the information sector of the economy cannot be imagined without the use of new information technologies (NIT). The use of modern IT provides almost instantaneous connection to any electronic information arrays coming from international, regional and national information systems and their use in the interests of successful business.
Thanks to the rapid development of NIT, now not only has there appeared open access to the global flow of political, financial, scientific and technical information, but also the possibility of building a global business in Internet networks.
The growing popularity of the Internet is due to the fact that using this technology it is possible to implement almost all business processes in in electronic format: buy and sell goods and services, invest money, receive information, enter into agreements, etc. The current moment in the development of the Internet is associated with the avalanche-like development of e-commerce.
Information transmission channels.
A person constantly has to participate in the process of transmitting information. Transfer can occur during direct conversation between people, through correspondence, using technical means of communication: telephone, radio, television, etc. Such means of communication are calledinformation transmission channels . Information channels are divided into two types: biological and technical.
Biological information channels These are the human sense organs. There are five of them:vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch . According to the way a person perceives information, it can be visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory, muscular and vestibular.
Technical information channels - telephone, radio, television, computer, etc.
The process of information transfer is always two-way: there is a source and there is a receiver of information.Source transmits (sends) information, andreceiver receives (perceives) it. Each person constantly moves from the role of a source to the role of a receiver of information.
A person has to process information almost continuously.
Information perceived by a person in speech or written form is called symbolic (or sign) information.
Human speech and writing are closely related to the concept of language.
Language is a sign system for representing information and exchanging information. Smells, taste and tactile sensations cannot be reduced to any signs and cannot be conveyed using signs. Of course, they carry information, since we remember them and recognize them. This information is calledfigurative information . Figurative information also includes information perceived through vision and hearing, but not reduced to languages (the sound of the wind, birdsong, pictures of nature, painting).
Although information is associated with a material medium, and its transmission involves energy costs, the same information can be stored on various material media (on paper, in the form of a photograph, on magnetic tape) and transmitted with different energy costs (by mail, by telephone) , with courier, etc.).
Scientific and technological progress has offered society a computer (electronic computer, computer) as a means for storing, processing and transmitting information.
Literature: Tsvetkova M.S., Velikovich L.S. Computer science and ICT: textbook. – M.: Publishing center “Academy”, 2012, 1.2
