Sony with 23 megapixel camera. How to choose a smartphone with the best camera. How to determine that the camera is of high quality, before looking at the photos and videos from it

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RUB 23,990

Sony Xperia XZ Mineral Black Smartphone

The touch screen type is capacitive. Memory card slot - microSD. GPS. The case is classic. 4G LTE. 3G. Type - Smartphone. Wi-Fi. With camera 23.0 megapixels. EDGE. Video recording. Screen resolution - 1080x1920. Automatic screen orientation. With a built-in memory size of 32 GB. MP3 player. With a maximum supported memory card size of 256 GB. Radio. With a 13 megapixel front camera. Bluetooth. Multitouch. SIM card type - nano SIM. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. With a 5.2 '' (13 cm) screen. Video resolution - 3840x2160. Waterproof. Operating system type - Android. With a battery capacity of 2900mAh. Height: 146.0 mm. Width: 72.0 mm. With thickness: 8.1 mm. With a weight: 161 g.

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RUB 15 600

Smartphone Sony H4113 Xperia XA2 Dual Black (1312-7673)

SIM card type - nano SIM. With 4G LTE. Screen resolution - 1080x1920. The case is classic. With a radio receiver. The touch screen type is capacitive. Video rate 120 frames / s. Camera 23.0 Mpx. With EDGE. Operating system type - Android. Battery capacity 3300 mAh. With bluetooth. With auto-rotate screen. Max. the volume of memory cards 256 Gb. The size of the built-in memory is 32 Gb. With digital video camera. With GPS. Video resolution - 3840x2160. Type - Smartphone. With mp3 player. Memory card slot - microSD. With Multitouch. With 3G. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. Front camera 8 Mpx. For 2 SIM cards. The screen size is 5.2 inches. With Wi-Fi. With thickness: 9.7 mm. Width: 70.0 mm. With height: 142.0 mm. With a weight: 171 g.

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RUB 8,100

Sony Xperia Z5 (E6653) 32Gb Black LTE sony-553

EDGE. Video recording. With a battery capacity of 2900mAh. 3G. With a built-in memory size of 32 GB. 4G LTE. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. GPS. Operating system type - Android. With camera 23.0 megapixels. Wi-Fi. Radio. Waterproof. Bluetooth. Automatic screen orientation. Memory card slot - microSD. With a 5.2 '' (13 cm) screen. Screen resolution - 1080x1920. With a maximum supported capacity of 200 GB memory cards. SIM card type - nano SIM. Video resolution - 3840x2160. With a 5 megapixel front camera. The touch screen type is capacitive. Type - Smartphone. Multitouch. MP3 player. The case is classic. Thickness: 7.5mm. Width: 72.1 mm. Height: 146.0 mm. Weight: 156 g.

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RUB 13,972

Cell phone Sony Xperia XA2 Dual Silver H4113 XA2

For 2 SIM cards. Camera 23.0 Mpx... Video rate 120 frames / s. With auto-rotate screen. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. With digital video camera. With Multitouch. The case is classic. With Wi-Fi. The screen size is 5.2 inches. Screen resolution - 1080x1920. With bluetooth. Memory card slot - microSD. With EDGE. Operating system type - Android. With GPS. With a radio receiver. With 4G LTE. Video resolution - 3840x2160. With 3G. Max. the amount of memory cards 256 Gb. The size of the built-in memory is 32 Gb. With mp3 player. Front camera 8 Mpx. The touch screen type is capacitive. Type - Smartphone. SIM card type - nano SIM. Battery capacity 3300 mAh. With thickness: 9.7 mm. With height: 142.0 mm. Width: 70.0 mm. With a weight: 171 g.

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RUB 12 765

15% RUR 14,990

Smartphone Sony Xperia XA1 3 / 32GB, white 1308-0934

The case is classic. MP3 player. With 2300mAh battery capacity. GPS. SIM card type - nano SIM. Bluetooth. Video resolution - 1920x1080. Operating system type - Android. With camera 23.0 megapixels. Type - Smartphone. Video recording. 4G LTE. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. With a 5.0 inch (13 cm) screen. 3G. Memory card slot - microSD. Wi-Fi. Dual SIM cards. Screen resolution - 720x1280. Automatic screen orientation. With a maximum supported memory card size of 256 GB. Multitouch. With a built-in memory size of 32 GB. With 8 megapixel front camera. The touch screen type is capacitive. With thickness: 8.0 mm. Height: 145.0 mm. Width: 67.0 mm. With a weight: 143 g.

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RUB 23,990

Sony Xperia XZ Forest Blue smartphone

SIM card type - nano SIM. With GPS. With auto-rotate screen. Video resolution - 3840x2160. Type - Smartphone. Battery capacity 2900 mAh. The size of the built-in memory is 32 Gb. Camera 23.0 Mpx. With Wi-Fi. With a radio receiver. Waterproof. With 3G. Front camera 13 Mpx. The screen size is 5.2 inches. With bluetooth. The touch screen type is capacitive. With mp3 player. Max. the volume of memory cards 256 Gb. Operating system type - Android. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. With EDGE. With digital video camera. With 4G LTE. With Multitouch. Screen resolution - 1080x1920. The case is classic. Memory card slot - microSD. Weight: 161 g. Dimensions 146.0x72.0x8.1 mm.

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RUB 14 620

Smartphone Sony H4113 Xperia XA2 Dual Silver H4113Silver

Bluetooth. The case is classic. With 8 megapixel front camera. Dual SIM cards. 3G. Automatic screen orientation. Radio. With a 5.2 '' (13 cm) screen. With camera 23.0 megapixels. MP3 player. 4G LTE. GPS. Operating system type - Android. Multitouch. Wi-Fi. With a video frame rate of 120 fps. With a maximum supported memory card size of 256 GB. SIM card type - nano SIM. EDGE. Video recording. Video resolution - 3840x2160. Screen resolution - 1080x1920. With a built-in memory size of 32 GB. Type - Smartphone. The touch screen type is capacitive. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. Memory card slot - microSD. With 3300mAh battery capacity. With thickness: 9.7 mm. With height: 142.0 mm. Width: 70.0 mm. With a weight: 171 g.

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RUB 8,300

Sony Xperia Z5 Compact Lime sony-009

The case is classic. With bluetooth. With mp3 player. The device's screen is 4.6 inches. Type - Smartphone. With Wi-Fi. With EDGE. With digital video camera. SIM card type - nano SIM. Camera 23.0 Mpx. Operating system type - Android. Front camera 5 Mpx. With GPS. With auto-rotate screen. With 4G LTE. Battery capacity 2700 mAh. With Multitouch. Video resolution - 3840x2160. Waterproof. With 3G. Max. capacity of memory cards 200 Gb. With a radio receiver. The touch screen type is capacitive. The size of the built-in memory is 32 Gb. Screen resolution - 720x1280. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. Memory card slot - microSD. With thickness: 9.0 mm. With a height: 127.3 mm. Width: 64.7 mm. With a weight: 138 g.

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RUB 16,284

Cell phone Sony Xperia XA2 Plus 32GB Black H4413 Xperia XA2 Plus

With camera 23.0 megapixels. With a built-in memory size of 32 GB. Type - Smartphone. The case is classic. MP3 player. With a maximum supported capacity of 400 GB memory cards. With 8 megapixel front camera. Wi-Fi. Radio. Dual SIM cards. The screen resolution is 2160x1080. With 3580mAh battery capacity. 4G LTE. With a 6.0 inch (15 cm) screen. The touch screen type is capacitive. 3G. Automatic screen orientation. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. Memory card slot - microSD. Thickness: 9.6 mm. Width: 75.0 mm. Height: 157.0 mm. Weight: 204 g.

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RUB 17,990

18% RUR 21,990

Smartphone Sony Xperia XA2 Plus 4 / 32GB, black 7311271621430

Video rate 120 frames / s. With digital video camera. Battery capacity 3580 mAh. SIM card type - nano SIM. Operating system type - Android. With GPS. Camera 23.0 Mpx. With auto-rotate screen. With 4G LTE. Max. capacity of memory cards 400 Gb. For 2 SIM cards. With Multitouch. Video resolution - 3840x2160. The device's screen is 6.0 inches. Type - Smartphone. With 3G. The case is classic. With bluetooth. With a radio receiver. The screen resolution is 2160x1080. The touch screen type is capacitive. The size of the built-in memory is 32 Gb. With mp3 player. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. Front camera 8 Mpx. With Wi-Fi. Memory card slot - microSD. Width: 75.0 mm. With height: 157.0 mm. With thickness: 9.6 mm. With a weight: 204 g.

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17 189 rub.

Smartphone Sony H4413 Xperia XA2 Plus 32GB Gold H4413 Gold

GPS. With a video frame rate of 120 fps. SIM card type - nano SIM. Operating system type - Android. Bluetooth. Video recording. Multitouch. Video resolution - 3840x2160. With camera 23.0 megapixels.

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RUB 8,300

Sony Xperia Z5 Compact Black sony-007

With EDGE. With digital video camera. SIM card type - nano SIM. Operating system type - Android. Front camera 5 Mpx. With GPS. With auto-rotate screen. Camera 23.0 Mpx. With 4G LTE. Battery capacity 2700 mAh. With Multitouch. Video resolution - 3840x2160. Waterproof. Type - Smartphone. With 3G. The case is classic. With bluetooth. Max. capacity of memory cards 200 Gb. The device's screen is 4.6 inches. With a radio receiver. The touch screen type is capacitive. The size of the built-in memory is 32 Gb. With mp3 player. Screen resolution - 720x1280. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. With Wi-Fi. Memory card slot - microSD. Weight: 138 g. Dimensions 127.3x64.7x9.0 mm.

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RUB 16,284

Cell phone Sony Xperia XA2 Plus 32GB Gold H4413 Xperia XA2 Plus

GPS. With a video frame rate of 120 fps. SIM card type - nano SIM. Operating system type - Android. Bluetooth. Video recording. Multitouch. Video resolution - 3840x2160. With camera 23.0 megapixels. With a built-in memory size of 32 GB. Type - Smartphone. The case is classic. MP3 player. With a maximum supported capacity of 400 GB memory cards. With 8 megapixel front camera. Wi-Fi. Radio. Dual SIM cards. The screen resolution is 2160x1080. With 3580mAh battery capacity. 4G LTE. With a 6.0 inch (15 cm) screen. The touch screen type is capacitive. 3G. Automatic screen orientation. Screen manufacturing technology - S-IPS. Memory card slot - microSD. Width: 75.0 mm. With height: 157.0 mm. With thickness: 9.6 mm. With a weight: 204 g.

Sony unveiled yesterday new line premium smartphones. This includes the Xperia Z5, Xperia Z5 Compact and the amazing Xperia Z5 Premium. And judging by the ongoing conversations on the network about this announcement, the new flagships made a very good impression on both ordinary users and industry journalists.

For example, the guys from GSMArena, in the course of communication with each other, found out that the main camera of the Xperia Z5 actually has a resolution not of 23 megapixels, but as much as 25 megapixels. And they even understood why Sony did not inform the general public about this, positioning the new camera module as 23 megapixel.

To find out this happened due to the discrepancy in the sizes of the test images. When shooting at 20 megapixels with an aspect ratio of 16: 9, a frame with a size of 5984 × 3366 pixels is obtained, while if you shoot at a resolution of 23 megapixels with an aspect ratio of 4: 3, the size will be 5520 x 4140, i.e. a frame with a lower resolution (20 Mp 16: 9) occupies a larger area in width than a frame with a higher resolution (23 Mp 4: 3).

Photo with a resolution of 20 MP 16: 9

When you click, the photo will open in full, you can download and view it in detail (weighs about 10 MB).

This means that the only correct option in which you can take such pictures is to use a matrix with a resolution greater than 23 megapixels, namely 25 megapixels. Sony marketers have acted wisely by deciding not to put the tag "25 MEGAPIXELS" on the Xperia Z5, but to limit themselves to a more modest number. After all, then I would have had to clearly and for a long time explain to everyone and everyone why 25 is written, but he removes only 23. 🙂

Later there was confirmation of this information from Japanese insiders. The source also reports that the new image sensor has been dubbed the IMX300 (Exmor RS with f2.0 24mm lens) and will soon be exclusive to the Xperia Z5, Xperia Z5 Compact and Xperia Z5 Premium.

Every time a new flagship comes out and a stream of comparisons of the quality of shooting of certain smartphones begins on the network, it undermines to write “rams, why are you shooting like that ?!”.

I've been bombarded for a long time by inadequate comparisons of cameras in smartphones, especially when Xperia flagships are involved.

Journalists of specialized publications do not want or do not know how to understand that different cameras have different focal lengths of lenses, apertures, sensor resolutions and even aspect ratios.

Most annoying is the so-called “ 8 megapixel problem "... Premium Xperia phones(Z3, Z3 +, Z5 and X) by default shoot in 8MP Super Auto mode with an aspect ratio of 16: 9, but most "testers" set a resolution of 20 or 23MP, depending on the phone model, and an aspect ratio of 4: 3. Why are they doing that?!

8 megapixels by default. Why?

If dear readers think that Sony engineers are fools and have set the default resolution of 8 MP from the bulldozer in the camera application, then they are mistaken.

A typical example of a biased comparison: Xperia Z5 at 23MP 4: 3 versus Galaxy S7 at 12MP 16: 9. In such comparisons, the full-fledged 8 MP 16: 9 mode is "forgotten", which is a priority for Xperia flagship cameras.

The point is that the application Xperia cameras has about the same technology as Nokia's long-gone PureView. Whoever does not understand will understand.

The so-called oversaturation of pixels is used. This is when several nearest pixels are included in one super-pixel. In the case of 8-megapixel images, a ratio of approximately 3 to 1 (from full size to eight) is used. With this trick, multiple pixels are combined into one.

By the way, another interesting application has been found for the higher resolution of the Xperia cameras. We are talking about a software fivefold zoom that shoots without loss of quality, which works only at 8 megapixel mode in Xperia smartphones Z5 and Xperia X series.

In any case, the quality of photos taken in 8MP and 20MP modes is substantial. Sony was actually able to implement an algorithm similar to PureView, when one pixel is composed of several.

But it's worth noting that this only applies to the Xperia Z3, Z3 + and Xperia Z5 series. There is no information about the rest of the devices from the Xperia X line.

Disadvantages of 8 megapixels

The shooting mode of 8 megapixel Super Auto has only one, but rather significant, drawback.

Its name is low detail. If you are used to making posts for Instagram from small pieces of a 23 megapixel photo, then I have for you the bad news... At 8 megapixels, it will not look very good.

An 8 megapixel photo can be cropped, but without getting carried away, otherwise you will lose the quality of the picture. Roughly speaking, you need to learn how to make shots so that later you do not have to cut out small crops from them.

But what about 20 or 23 megapixels? What to do with them?

It's clear that when your Xperia has a camera of as much as 20 or 23 megapixels, and you have to shoot at 16 or even 8 megapixels, this is a little offensive. Some might even think that Sony is cheating on its customers.

However, it is not. Shooting modes of 20 or 23 megapixels (depending on your Xperia device) are great in the following situations:

• Daytime shooting outdoors on a sunny day. If there is a lot of light, then you can safely set the resolution to 16, 20 or even 23 megapixels. There will be no quality problems.
• Shooting close-up in bright light. When there are many small objects in the frame and all of them must be drawn, then the choice of 20 or 23 megapixels is justified.
• Landscapes with adequate lighting.
• Documentary shooting.

This post should in no way be regarded as a "run over" on ordinary people, fortunately, in most cases they use Super Auto 8 Mp for shooting and do not bother.

I often come across on the network with positive feedback users who are completely satisfied with the quality of the camera in the Xperia Z5 series, when many journalists (not all, there are adequate guys) hate it as best they can.

This is understandable, Sony Mobile does not have the same advertising budgets for product promotion as Samsung, LG or even Huawei.

To summarize, the main shooting mode should be 8MP or a maximum of 16MP at a 16: 9 aspect ratio in Super Auto or Manual with HDR enabled. It is in these modes that the capabilities of the Xperia flagship camera module are most fully revealed.

Artem Kashkanov, 2016

Since the advent of digital photographic equipment, a kind of "megapixel race" has been going on between different manufacturers, when new model the camera invariably receives a matrix of higher and higher resolution. The pace of this race changes from year to year - for a long time the "vertical" limit for cropped DSLRs was 16-18 megapixels, but then once again some innovations were introduced into production and the resolution of cropped cameras is approaching 25 megapixels.

First, let's remember that pixel is a basic element, a point, one of those from which the digital image... This element is discrete and indivisible - there are no such concepts as "millipixel" or 0.5 pixel :) But there is a concept megapixel, which means an array of pixels in the amount of 1,000,000 pieces. For example, an image with a size of 1000 * 1000 pixels has a resolution of exactly 1 megapixel. The matrix resolution of most cameras has long passed the 15 megapixel mark. What did it do? When the resolution of digital cameras was 2-3 megapixels, every extra megapixel was really a big advantage. Now we are witnessing a paradoxical situation - the declared resolution of the matrices of amateur DSLRs has become such that it makes it possible to make prints of acceptable quality in almost A1 format! While most amateur photographers rarely print photos larger than 20cm by 30cm, 3-4 megapixels are sufficient.

Is it worth changing the old camera for the same function, but "more megapixel?"

Let's take, for example, two cameras - the "unpretentious" amateur Canon EOS 1100D and the "advanced" Canon EOS 700D. The first has a matrix resolution of "only" 12 megapixels, the second has a "whole" 18 megapixels. The difference is 1.5 times. The first thought that arises in many amateur photographers is something like this - "By changing 1100D to 700D, I will get 1.5 times better detail! Now absolutely all the nuances will be visible in the photographs - I missed it so much with my old camera!" This installation is actively supported by advertisers. The amateur photographer, who convinced himself that he absolutely needs a new camera, breaks the piggy bank and goes to the store.

Let's take a calculator and calculate what the real increase in photo resolution will be when moving from 12 to 18 megapixels. The 18-megapixel sensor of the same 700D gives an image with a width of 5184 pixels, while the maximum image width of the 12-megapixel 1100D is 4272 pixels (data taken from technical characteristics camera). Divide 5184 by 4272 and you get a difference of only 21%. That is, when the resolution of the matrix is ​​increased by 1.5 times, the photograph is enlarged in size by only 1.21 times. If you depict it graphically, you get such a comparison.

The difference is surprisingly small! It turns out that the differences between 12 and 18 megapixels are not so significant. Conclusion - rumors about the importance of megapixel growth are greatly exaggerated. Go from 12- to 18-megapixel (or 18- to 24-megapixel) only in the hope of getting a significant increase in detail in photos - to fall for the bait of marketers.

The growth of megapixels in some cases reduces sharpness even when using good optics!

It would seem - this is generally similar to nonsense! However, let's not rush to conclusions ... It is logical that with an increase in megapixels while maintaining the sensor size, the area of ​​each individual pixel decreases. Perhaps you know that a decrease in the area of ​​a pixel leads to a decrease in its real sensitivity, and, therefore, to an increase in the noise level (purely theoretically). However, due to the constant improvement of technologies and algorithms for signal processing, new matrices, even despite a noticeable decrease in the pixel area, have a very low noise level. But danger can lie in wait from a completely different edge ...

I already talked about such a thing as diffraction... Without going into details, let me remind you that this is the property of a wave to bend around an obstacle, slightly changing its direction. When a beam of light passes through a narrow hole, this beam tends to be sprayed, as it were, like a spray (forgive me physicists for such a comparison :)

In our case, the aperture (diaphragm hole) acts as a hole. The more the diaphragm is clamped, the more the spray is sprayed at an angle. As a result, the "perfectly sharp" point, after passing through the aperture, turns into a blurry speck. The smaller the aperture diameter, the stronger this blur. And now let's add a small piece of the matrix with pixels to this picture and try to roughly imagine how this "perfectly clear" point in the photo will look ...

Naturally, the illustrations given do not pretend to be absolutely accurate, many nuances have not been taken into account - at least the fact that when the image is formed, neighboring pixels are interpolated and much more. The point is to show that with a decrease in the pixel area, the working range of f-stop numbers decreases. If the sensor has a very high resolution, do not clamp the lens aperture too much, as this will lead to the appearance of diffraction blur... Matrices with a small number of megapixels allow you to clamp the aperture almost to f / 22 and there is no particular blurring.

Have you bought a modern carcass? Take care of good optics!

The matrix resolution of most modern amateur interchangeable-lens cameras is between 16 and 24 megapixels. Over time, this range will inevitably shift towards higher values. As a rule, the optics supplied with the camera are also being improved. Modern whale lenses, although they have significantly increased in quality, are still "compromise" options. Most often they are not able to draw a picture in all the nuances for capturing on a 24-megapixel matrix (or they are capable, but in a very narrow range of settings, for example, only in the range of 28-35 mm with an aperture of 8). If you are looking for a no-compromise option, you will need high-quality and therefore expensive optics. The cost of a lens, similar to the kit lens in functionality, but having the best resolution, is several times higher than the cost of a kit lens:

By the way, it is not a fact that the "advanced" version will be guaranteed to "draw" the picture - perhaps the lens was designed at a time when they did not know about matrices with such resolutions. For the same reason, it is not recommended to use kit lenses from very old cameras. I had the experience of using an old kit lens from Canon EOS 300D (6 megapixels) on a 550D (18 megapixels) - I once took a friend from a friend to play for the evening. The old 18-55 and at 300D did not shine with the quality of the picture, but at 550D it just killed on the spot! It seems that there was no sharpness anywhere.

By the way...

Fixes(i.e. fixed focal length lenses) are a great alternative to budget zooms. They will be very useful if the kit lens does not provide the desired detail, but there is no extra $ 1000-1500 to buy a "cool" lens. The most popular fixes are "fifty kopecks" (50 mm), or rather their younger versions with aperture f / 1.8. At a cost comparable to a whale lens, they significantly surpass it in image quality, but they have less versatility - you have to pay for everything.

Pocket soap dish with 20 megapixels - insanity over the edge!

Sadly, there will soon be no other choice. Most compact cameras have a 1 / 2.3 "matrix, that is, approximately 6 * 4.5 mm - 4 times smaller than a cropped camera and 6 times smaller than a full-frame camera. 20 megapixels It's not hard to imagine how absurdly small each pixel is. The miniature soap dish lens has a very small aperture size, which increases diffraction blur. As a result, the picture looks very "soft" when viewed at 100%.

On the left - 100% crop from a 16-megapixel Sony TX10 camera with a 1 / 2.3 "matrix. On the right, for comparison, is a similar view taken with a DSLR. an attempt to reinforce the contours. And this is in the center of the frame! At the edges of the frame, detail is reduced even more and often looks like a misunderstanding:

And so it removes most modern compact soap dishes. For example, here, which shows 100% of the crop from the Panasonic DMC-SZ1 camera (towards the end of the article). The question is - why put matrices with such high resolution? These megapixels have no practical value, but from the point of view of marketing it sounds very convincing - in a camera the size of a matchbox, there are as many as 20 megapixels.

So how many megapixels should there be in a camera?

We return to the main question to which the article is devoted. It all depends on the type of camera, the size of the matrix and the capabilities of the optics. Personally, I find a reasonable megapixel count to be:

• For devices with interchangeable optics with a whale lens - about 12 megapixels. With a higher matrix resolution, the "working" range of focal lengths and apertures is narrowed. If you want to get the most detailed image - try not to shoot at "extreme" focal lengths, set the aperture to 8.
• There is no such obvious limitation for devices with interchangeable optics with fixes or professional zooms, the main thing is that the lens can draw all these megapixels. The absence of a low-pass filter gives a definite advantage, but there are a number of disadvantages - we will talk about them below. and even with the growth of megapixels, the maximum "working" f-number decreases. Try not to shoot with an aperture larger than 11-13 under normal conditions - there will be a noticeable decrease in sharpness due to diffraction blur.
• For point-and-shoot cameras with a matrix of 1 / 1.7 "and less, the reasonable limit is 10-12 megapixels. Anything more is a marketing move that has nothing to do with detail.

What characteristics of the matrix are more important than the number of megapixels?

First, the physical size of the matrix. As mentioned above, 20 megapixels on a 1 / 2.3 "sensor and 20 megapixels APS-C or FF are completely different things. always provide better color reproduction, wider dynamic range and richer hues than smaller sizes.

Second, the structure of the matrix plays a role. The overwhelming majority of modern cameras have a "Bayer" matrix with a smoothing low-pass filter. One pixel of the image is formed by interpolating a group of 2 * 2 pixels of the matrix (2 green, 1 red, 1 blue). The low-pass filter "blurs" the picture a little, but prevents the appearance of moiré on objects with a regular repeating pattern (for example, fabric). Recently, there has been a tendency to abandon the low-pass filter in Bayer matrices. Moire is suppressed by the built-in software of the camera.

It is worth noting also the X-Trans matrices (used in Fujifilm cameras), which, in comparison with the "baer", have a more "chaotic" structure of the arrangement of RGB color sensors, they use groups of 6 * 6 matrix pixels for interpolation - this eliminates the formation of moiré and allows you to do without a low-pass filter, which, as mentioned above, improves image detail.

In the end, the novelty of the technique and its class play a role. No matter how perfect the matrix of the camera is, the processor and in-camera software, which processes the signal received from the matrix, play an equally important role. As a rule, expensive high-end technology with the same filling (matrix-processor) as amateur cameras gives the best quality pictures - a little more dynamic range, a little higher working ISO. The manufacturer does not disclose the reasons for these differences, but it is easy to guess that the main reason is the intra-chamber software... It often happens that the junior and senior models have the same matrices, but the picture quality is different. This is due to the fact that in cheap models, signal processing is carried out according to a more stripped-down algorithm, so they are inferior in quality to older models. But this loss is really noticeable only in difficult lighting conditions, for example, when shooting at ultra-high ISO.

More banal than this axiom is the only explanation “the iPhone, it turns out, does not have a memory card slot”. But beginners continue to make mistakes when they "bite" the number of megapixels in the camera, which means they have to repeat themselves.

Imagine a window - an ordinary window in a residential building or apartment. The megapixel count is roughly the amount of glass inside the window frame. If we continue to draw parallels with smartphones, in ancient times glass for windows was the same size and was considered a scarce commodity. Therefore, when the conventional "Tolyan" said that he had 5 glasses (megapixels) in his window block, everyone understood that Anatoly was a serious and wealthy person. And the characteristics of the window were also immediately clear - good overview outside the house, a large glazing area.

Several years later, windows (megapixels) ceased to be in short supply, so their number had only to be brought to the required level, and calm down on that. Just bring it in line with the area (a vent for ventilation and a loggia, for the sake of strength, require a different number of windows) so that the camera produces a slightly denser picture than 4K monitors and TVs produce. And finally, take on other characteristics - for example, to deal with clouding of glass and image distortion. Teach the cameras to correctly focus and paint the available megapixels with high quality, if you want specifics.

There are more “megapixels” on the right, but they give nothing but “obstacles” with the same area of ​​the “sensor”

But people are already accustomed to measuring the quality of cameras with megapixels, and sellers gladly indulged this. Therefore, the circus with a huge number of glasses (megapixels) in the same frame (the size of the camera matrix) continued. As a result, today the pixels in smartphone cameras, although not "packed" with the density of a mosquito net, but the "glass" has become too dense, and over 15 megapixels in smartphones almost always spoil rather than improve photos. It never happened before, and again it turned out that it was not size that mattered, but skill.

At the same time, the "evil", as you know, is not the megapixels themselves - if tons of megapixels were spread out on a sufficiently large camera, they would be good for the smartphone. When the camera is able to unleash the potential of all megapixels on board, and not "smear" them in large bulk when shooting, the photo can be enlarged, cropped, and it will remain of high quality. That is, no one will understand that this is just a fragment of a larger image. But now such miracles are found only in "correct" SLR and mirrorless cameras, in which only one matrix (a microcircuit with photo sensors, on which a picture arrives through the "glass" of the camera) is much larger than a smartphone camera assembly.

"Evil" is a tradition of stuffing megapixels into tiny cameras on mobile phones. This tradition has brought nothing but blurring of the picture and excess of digital noise ("peas" in the frame).

Sony piled up 23 megapixels where competitors put 12-15 megapixels, and paid for this by reducing the clarity of the picture. (photo - manilashaker.com)

For reference: in the best cameraphones of 2017, the main rear cameras (not to be confused with b / w additional ones) all operate as one with the "pathetic" 12-13 megapixels. In photo resolution, this is about 4032x3024 pixels - enough for a Full HD (1920x1080) monitor, and for 4K (3840x2160) too, albeit end-to-end. Roughly speaking, if a smartphone camera has more than 10 megapixels, their number is no longer important. Other things are important.

How to determine that the camera is of high quality, before looking at the photos and videos from it

Aperture - how wide the smartphone opened its eyes

The squirrel feeds on nuts, the deputies - on the money of the people, and cameras - on light. The more light, the higher the quality of the photo and the more detail. Only sunny weather and studio-style bright lamps of illumination for any occasion of life will not save enough. Therefore, for good photos indoors, or outdoors in cloudy weather / at night, cameras are designed in such a way that they produce a lot of light even in adverse conditions.

The easiest way to get more light to hit the camera sensor is to make a larger hole in the lens. The indicator of how wide the "eyes" of the camera are, called aperture, aperture, or aperture - this is one and the same parameter. And the words are different so that the reviewers in the articles can show off in incomprehensible terms as long as possible. Because, if you don't show off, the aperture can be simply called, excuse me, a "hole", as is customary among photographers.

Aperture is indicated by a fraction with the letter f, a forward slash and a number (or with a capital F and no fraction: for example, F2.2). Why

so - to talk for a long time, and that's not the point, as Rotaru sings. The bottom line is this: the smaller the number after the letter F and the forward slash, the better camera in the smartphone. For example, f / 2.2 in smartphones is good, but f / 1.9 is better! The wider the aperture, the more light hits the sensor and the better smartphone“Sees” (takes photos and videos with better quality) at night. The bonus of the wide aperture is beautiful background blur when you shoot flowers up close, even if the smartphone does not have a dual camera.

Melania Trump explains what different apertures look like in smartphone cameras

Before buying a smartphone, do not be lazy to clarify how "sighted" the rear camera is. Looked after Samsung Galaxy J3 2017 - search for "Galaxy J3 2017 aperture", "Galaxy J3 2017 aperture" or "Galaxy J3 2017 aperture" to find out the exact number. If in the smartphone that you looked after for yourself nothing is known about the diaphragm, two options are possible:

• The camera is so bad that the manufacturer decided to keep quiet about its characteristics. Marketers are doing about the same rudeness when, in response to "what is the processor in the smartphone?" answer "quad-core" and evade in every possible way so as not to announce a specific model.
• The smartphone has just appeared on sale and no characteristics, except for those in the advertising announcement, have not yet been "delivered" on it. Wait a couple of weeks - usually during this time the details will come out.

What should be the aperture in the camera of a new smartphone?

In 2017-2018 even in a budget model, the rear camera should produce at least f / 2.2. If the number in the denominator of this fraction is greater, get ready for the camera to see the picture as if wearing tinted glasses. And in the evening and at night, she will be "blind" and will be able to see almost nothing even at a distance of several meters from the smartphone. And do not rely on "twists" of brightness - in a smartphone with f / 2.4 or f / 2.6 evening photography with a "stretched" programmatically the exposure will turn out to be a "rough blur", while a camera with f / 2.2 or f / 2.0 will take a better photo without any tweaks.

The wider the aperture, the higher the quality of the smartphone camera

The coolest smartphones today are equipped with cameras with an aperture of f / 1.8, f / 1.7 or even f / 1.6. The aperture itself does not guarantee the maximum quality of images (the quality of the sensor and the "glass" has not been canceled) - this, to quote the photographers, is just a "hole" through which the camera looks at the world. But other things being equal, it is better to choose smartphones in which the camera does not "squint", but receives an image with wide-open "eyes".

Diagonal of the matrix (sensor): the more - the better

The matrix in a smartphone is not a matrix where people with complex faces in black cloaks dodge bullets. In mobile phones, this word means a photocell ... in other words, a plate on which a picture flies through the "glass" of optics. In old cameras, the picture flew onto the film and was saved there, and the matrix instead accumulates information about the photograph and sends it to the smartphone's processor. The processor transforms all this into a final photo and stores the files in internal memory or microSD.

There is only one thing to know about the matrix - it should be as large as possible. If the optics is a water supply hose, and the diaphragm is the neck of the container, then the matrix is ​​the very reservoir for water, which is never enough.

The dimensions of the matrix are usually measured in inhuman, from the bell tower of ordinary buyers, Vidicon inches. One such inch is equal to 17 mm, but cameras in smartphones have not yet grown to such a size, so the matrix diagonal is denoted by a fraction, as is the case with the aperture. The smaller the second digit in the fraction (divisor), the larger the matrix -> the steeper the camera.

Is it clear that nothing is clear? Then just remember these numbers:

A budget smartphone will take pictures well if the matrix size in it is at least 1/3 "with a camera resolution of no higher than 12 megapixels. More megapixels means lower quality in practice. look loose, simply because they have fewer dots than the height-width of your monitor screen.

In mid-range smartphones, a good matrix size is 1 / 2.9 "or 1 / 2.8". If you find a larger one (1 / 2.6 "or 1 / 2.5", for example) - consider yourself very lucky. The flagship smartphones have a good tone - a matrix of at least 1 / 2.8 ", and better - 1 / 2.5".

Smartphones with a large sensor shoot better than models with small photocells

Is it even cooler? It happens - look at 1 / 2.3 ”in Sony Xperia XZ Premium and XZ1. Why, then, do these smartphones not set records for photo quality? Because the “automatic” of the camera constantly makes mistakes with the selection of settings for shooting, and the stock of “clarity and vigilance” of the camera is spoiled by the number of megapixels - they were piled up in these models by 19 instead of the standard 12-13 megapixels for new flagships, and the fly in the ointment canceled out the advantages of a huge matrix.

Are there smartphones in nature with a good camera and less harsh specifications? Yes - take a look at Apple iPhone 7 with its 1/3 "at 12 megapixels. On the Honor 8, which lacks 1 / 2.9" with the same number of megapixels. Magic? No - just good optics and perfectly "licked" automation, which takes into account the potential of the camera as well as tailored trousers take into account the amount of cellulite on the thighs.

But there is a problem - manufacturers almost never indicate the size of the sensor in the specifications, because these are not megapixels, and you can be disgraced if the sensor is cheap. And in reviews or descriptions of smartphones in online stores, such camera characteristics are even less common. Even if you have chosen a smartphone with an adequate number of megapixels and a promising aperture value, there is a chance you will never know the size of the rear photosensor.In this case, pay attention to the last characteristic of smartphone cameras, which directly affects the quality.

Few large pixels are better than many small ones

Imagine a red caviar sandwich, or take a look at it if you have a hard time remembering how such delicacies look. Just as the eggs in a sandwich are distributed over a piece of loaf, the area of ​​the camera sensor (camera matrix) in a smartphone is occupied by light-sensitive elements - pixels. These pixels in smartphones are, to put it mildly, not a dozen, or even a dozen. One megapixel - 1 million pixels, in typical smartphone cameras of 2015-2017, such megapixels are 12-20.

As we have already figured out, keeping an excessive amount of "dummies" on the matrix of a smartphone is detrimental to pictures. The efficiency of such a crowd comes out, like that of specialized teams of people for replacing a light bulb. Therefore, in the camera it is better to observe fewer sensible pixels than more goofy ones. The larger each of the pixels in the camera, the less messy the photos will be, and the video recording will be less bouncy.

Large pixels in the camera (photo below) make evening and night shots better

The ideal smartphone camera consists of a large “foundation” (matrix / sensor) with large pixels on it. Only now, no one is going to make smartphones thicker or allocate half of the body behind for the camera. Therefore, the "building" will be such that the camera does not stick out of the body and does not take up much space, megapixels are large, even if there are only 12-13, and the matrix was as large as possible to accommodate all of them.

The pixel size in the camera is measured in micrometers and is denoted as micron in Russian or µm in Latin. Before you buy a smartphone, make sure that the pixels in it are large enough - this is an indirect sign that the camera is shooting well. Type in the search, for example, "Xiaomi Mi 5S µm" or "Xiaomi Mi 5S µm" - and you rejoice at the characteristics of the smartphone camera that you have noticed. Or upset - it depends on the numbers that you see as a result.

How big should a pixel be in a good camera phone?

The pixel size in the "modern" time is especially famous ... Google Pixel is a smartphone that came out in 2016 and "showed Kuzkin's mother" to competitors due to the combination of a huge (1 / 2.3 ") matrix and very large pixels of about 1.55 microns. With such a set, he almost always gave out the most detailed photographs, even in cloudy weather or in the dark.

Why don't manufacturers "crop" megapixels in the camera to a minimum and place at least pixels on the matrix? Such an experiment has already taken place - HTC in the flagship One M8 (2014) made the pixels so huge that they fit into the rear camera ... four on a 1/3 "matrix! Thus, One M8 received pixels of as much as 2 microns! As a result, the smartphone "tore" almost all competitors in terms of the quality of pictures in the dark. And photos in a resolution of 2688 × 1520 pixels were enough for Full HD monitors of that time. But the HTC camera did not become an all-round champion, because the Taiwanese were let down by HTC's color accuracy and "dumb" shooting algorithms, which did not know how to "properly prepare" settings for a sensor with unusual potential.

Today, all manufacturers are "outraged" by the race for the largest pixels, therefore:

• In good budget camera phones, the pixel size should be from 1.22 microns and more
• In flagships, pixels ranging in size from 1.25 microns to 1.4 or 1.5 microns are considered good form. Bigger is better.

There are few smartphones with a good camera and relatively small pixels, but they exist in nature. This, of course, is the Apple iPhone 7 with its 1.22 micron and OnePlus 5 with 1.12 micron - they “go out” due to very high-quality sensors, very good optics and “smart” automation.

Without these terms, small pixels ruin the quality of photos in flagship smartphones. For example, in the LG G6, the algorithms are obscene when shooting at night, and the sensor, although ennobled with good "glasses", is cheap in itself. IN

As a result, 1.12 microns spoil the night images always, except when you engage in battle with " manual mode»Instead of dull automation and fix its flaws yourself. The same picture reigns in shooting with the Sony Xperia XZ Premium or XZ1. And in the masterpiece, "on paper", camera Xiaomi Mi 5S to compete with the flagships of the iPhone and Samsung is hindered by the lack of optical stabilization and all the same "crooked hands" of algorithm developers, which is why the smartphone copes well with shooting only during the day, and at night it is no longer very impressive.

In order to understand how much to weigh in grams, take a look at the characteristics of cameras in some of the best cameraphones of our time.

What is the best type of autofocus

Autofocus is when a mobile phone independently "brings focus" while taking photos and videos. It is needed in order not to twist the settings "for every sneeze", like a gunner in a tank.

In old smartphones and in modern Chinese state employees, manufacturers use contrast autofocus. This is the most primitive focusing technique that focuses on how light or dark it is “right in front of the camera” in front of the camera, like a half-blind person. That is why it takes about a couple of seconds for cheap smartphones to focus, during which it is easy to "miss" a moving object, or reluctance to shoot what they were going to, because "the train left".

Phase autofocus "catches light" over the entire area of ​​the camera sensor, calculates the angle at which the rays enter the camera and draws conclusions about what is on the smartphone "in front of the nose" or a little further. Due to its "intelligence" and calculations, it works very quickly during the day and does not annoy at all. Distributed in all modern smartphones, except for the very budgetary ones. The only drawback is work at night, when the light arrives in a narrow hole in the diaphragm of a mobile phone in such small portions that the smartphone "breaks the roof" and it constantly fidgets with focusing due to a sharp change in information.

Laser autofocus is the most chic! Laser rangefinders have always been used to "throw" a beam at a long distance and calculate the distance for an object. LG in the smartphone G3 (2014) taught this "scan" to help the camera quickly focus.

Laser autofocus is surprisingly fast, even in indoor or semi-dark environments

Take a look at your Wrist Watch... though, what am I talking about ... okay, turn on the stopwatch in your smartphone and see how quickly one second passes. And now mentally divide it by 3.5 - in 0.276 seconds, the smartphone receives information about the distance to the subject and reports this to the camera. Moreover, it does not lose speed either in the dark or in bad weather. If you plan to take photos and videos near or on short distance with a lack of light, a smartphone with laser autofocus will help you out a lot.

But keep in mind that cell phones are not Star Wars weapons, so the range of the laser in the camera is barely a couple of meters. Everything that is further, the mobile phone examines with the help of the same phase autofocus. In other words, to shoot objects from afar, it is not necessary to look for a smartphone with "laser guidance" in the camera - you will not get any benefit from such a function in general plans of photos and videos.

Optical stabilization. Why is it needed and how it works

Have you ever driven a vehicle with leaf spring suspension? On army "UAZ" cars, for example, or an ambulance with the same design? In addition to the fact that in such cars you can "beat off the fifth point", it shakes incredibly in them - the suspension is as stiff as possible so as not to fall apart on the road, and therefore it tells passengers everything that it thinks about the road surface, frankly and not "springy" (therefore that there is nothing to spring).

Now you know how the camera feels in a smartphone without optical stabilization when you are trying to take a photo.

The problem with shooting on a smartphone is this:

• The camera needs a lot of light to take good pictures. Not direct rays of the sun in the "physiognomy", but diffused, ubiquitous light around.
• The longer the camera "examines" the image during the photo, the more light it picks up = the higher the picture quality.
• At the time of shooting and these "peepers" of the camera, the smartphone must be stationary so that the picture does not "blur". Leaves at least a fraction of a millimeter - the frame will be spoiled.

And human hands are shaking. This is clearly visible if you raise it on outstretched arms and try to hold the barbell, and less noticeable when you hold a mobile phone in front of you to take a photo or video. The difference is that the bar can "float" in your hands within wide boundaries - just not to put it on a wall, a neighbor, or drop it on your feet. And the smartphone needs to have time to "grab" the light in order for the photo to be successful, and to do it before it deviates by a fraction of a millimeter in your hands.

Therefore, the algorithms are trying to please the camera, and not to put forward increased demands on your hands. That is, they tell the camera, for example, "so this means that 1/250 of a second you can take pictures, this is enough for the photo to be more or less successful, and to take a shot before the camera moves to the side is also enough." This thing is called an excerpt.

How optical stabilization works

What does the optostab have to do with it? So after all, he is that "amortization" with which the camera does not shake, like the body of army trucks, but "floats" within small boundaries. In the case of smartphones, it does not float in water, but is held by magnets and "fidgets" at a short distance from them.

That is, if the smartphone “leaves” a little or shakes during shooting, the camera will shake much weaker. With this kind of insurance, your smartphone will be able to:

• To overestimate the exposure (guaranteed time "to see the picture before the photo is ready") for the camera. The camera receives more light, sees more image details = the quality of the photo during the day is even higher.
• Capture sharp shots in motion. Not during an off-road sprint, but while walking or out of the window of a shaking bus, for example.
• Compensate for shaking in video. Even if you stomp your feet very sharply or sway slightly under the weight of the bag in your other hand, this will not be as noticeable in the video recording as in smartphones without an optical stabilizer.

Therefore, an optostab (OIS, as it is called in English) is an extremely useful gizmo in a smartphone camera. Without it, it is also possible, but sadly - the camera must be of high quality "with a margin", and the automation will have to shorten (worsen) the exposure, because there is no insurance against shaking in the smartphone. When shooting a video, you have to "move" the picture on the fly so that the jitter is not visible. This is akin to how old movies imitated the speed of a driving car when it was actually stationary. With the difference that in films, these scenes were filmed from one take, and smartphones have to calculate the shaking and fight it on the fly.

Smartphones with a good camera, which shoot no worse than competitors with stabilization without stabilization, are vanishingly few - for example, Apple iPhone 6s, the first generation of Google Pixel, OnePlus 5, Xiaomi Mi 5s and, with some stretch, Honor 8 / Honor 9.

What you should not pay attention to

• Flash... Useful only when shooting in pitch darkness, when you need to take a photo at any cost. As a result, you see the pale faces of people in the frame (for all that, because the flash is low-power), eyes screwed up from the bright light, or a very strange color of buildings / trees - photographs with a smartphone flash are definitely not of artistic value. As a flashlight, the LED near the camera is much more useful.
• Number of lenses in the camera... "Before, when I had 5 Mbps internet, I wrote an essay in a day, but now, when I have 100 Mbps, I write it in 4 seconds." No, guys - it doesn't work that way. It doesn't matter how many lenses there are in a smartphone, it doesn't matter who released them (Carl Zeiss, judging by the quality of the new Nokia cameras, too). Lenses are either of high quality or not, and this can only be verified with real photographs.

The quality of the glass (lens) affects the quality of the camera. And the quantity is not

• Shooting in RAW... If you don't know what RAW is, I explain:

JPEG is the standard format in which a smartphone records photos; it is a “ready-to-use” image. Like an Olivier salad on a festive table - it is possible to disassemble it "into components" in order to transform it into another salad, but it will not work out very well.

RAW is a hefty volume on a "flash drive" file, in which in its pure form, separate "lines" sewn in all the options for brightness, clarity and color for photography. That is, the photo will not be “covered with small dots” (digital noise) if you decide to make it not as dark as it turned out in JPEG, but a little brighter, as if you had correctly set the brightness at the time of shooting.

In short, RAW allows you to “Photoshop” a frame much more conveniently than JPEG. But the catch is that flagship smartphones almost always select the settings correctly, therefore, apart from the smartphone memory soiled by "heavy" photos in RAW, there will be little use of "photoshop" files. And in cheap smartphones, the camera quality is so bad that you will see poor quality in JPEG, and just as bad in RAW. Don't bother.

• Camera sensor name... They were once super important because they were the “quality mark” of a camera. The sensor (module) model of the camera determines the size of the matrix, the number of megapixels and the size of the pixel, minor "family features" of the shooting algorithms.

From " big three»Manufacturers of camera modules for smartphones the highest quality modules are produced by Sony (we do not take individual examples into account, we are talking about the average temperature in the hospital), followed by Samsung (Samsung sensors in smartphones Samsung Galaxy is even better than the coolest Sony sensors, but Koreans are selling something absurd to the side), and, finally, OmniVision closes the list, which produces “consumer goods, but tolerable”. Intolerant consumer goods are produced by all the other basement Chinese offices, the name of which even the manufacturers themselves are ashamed to mention in the characteristics of smartphones.

8 - a variant of execution. Do you know how it happens in cars? The minimum configuration with a "cloth" on the seats and a "wooden" interior, the maximum - with seats made of artificial suede and leather dashboard... For buyers, the difference in this figure says little.

Why, after all this, you should not pay attention to the sensor model? Because with them things are the same as with megapixels - Chinese "alternatively gifted" manufacturers are actively buying expensive Sony sensors, trumpeting "super-quality camera in our smartphone!" ... and the camera is disgusting.

Because the "glasses" (lenses) in such mobile phones are of terrible quality and transmit light a little better than a plastic soda bottle. The aperture of the camera is far from ideal (f / 2.2 or even higher) due to the same bastard "glasses", and no one is engaged in adjusting the sensor so that the camera selects the colors correctly, works well with the processor and does not disfigure the pictures. Here's a good example of the fact that the sensor model has little effect:

As you can see, smartphones with the same camera sensor can shoot in completely different ways. So don't think that the cheap Moto G5 Plus with the IMX362 module will shoot as well as the HTC U11 does with its amazingly cool camera.

Even more annoying is the “noodles” that Xiaomi hangs on the ears of customers when it says that “the camera in Mi Max 2 is very similar to the camera in the flagship Mi 6 - they have the same IMX386 sensors! They are the same, only smartphones shoot in very different ways, the aperture (and therefore the ability to shoot in low light) is different in them, and Mi Max 2 does not withstand any competition with the flagship Mi6.

1. The additional camera "helps" to take photos at night, the main one and is able to shoot b / w photos. The most famous smartphones with such camera implementations are Huawei P9, Honor 8, Honor 9, Huawei P10.
2. The secondary camera allows you to "shove in the unproductive", that is, it takes pictures with an almost panoramic angle of view. The only supporter of this type of camera was and remains LG - starting with the LG G5, continuing with the V20, G6, X Cam and now the V30.
3. Two cameras are needed for optical zoom (approximation without loss of quality). Most often, this effect is achieved by the simultaneous operation of two cameras at once (Apple iPhone 7 Plus, Samsung Galaxy Note 8), although there are models that, when enlarged, simply switch to a separate "long-range" camera - ASUS ZenFone 3 Zoom, for example.

How to choose a quality selfie camera in your smartphone?

Best of all - based on examples of real photos. Moreover, both during the day and at night. During the day, almost all selfie cameras give out good photos, but only high-quality front cameras are capable of shooting something legible in the dark.

It is not necessary to study the vocabulary of photographers and delve deeper into what this or that characteristic is responsible for - you can simply memorize the numbers "so much is good, but if the number is larger, it is bad" and pick up a smartphone much faster. For an explanation of the terms, welcome to the beginning of the article, and here we will try to derive the formula for a high-quality camera in smartphones.

I do not want to understand the characteristics! Which smartphone to buy with good cameras?

There are countless smartphones produced by manufacturers, but there are very few models among them that are good at photography and video.